Stewardship of quality of care in health systems: Core functions,common pitfalls,and potential solutions

National Ministries of Health in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) have a key role to play as stewards of the quality agenda in their health systems. This paper uses a previously developed six‐point framework for stewardship (strategy formulation, intersectoral collaboration, governance and accountability, health system design, policy and regulation, and intelligence generation) and identifies specific examples of activities in LMICs in each of these domains, pitfalls to avoid, and possible solutions to these pitfalls. Many LMICs now have quality strategies with clear vision statements. There are good examples of quality agencies and donor collaboration councils to coordinate activities across different sectors. There are multiple options for accountability, including public reporting, community accountability structures, results‐based payment, accreditation, and inspection. To improve health system design, available tools include decision support tools, task‐shifting models, supply chain management, and programs to train quality improvement staff. Policy options include legislation on disclosure of adverse events, and regulations to ensure skills of health care providers. Lastly, health information tools include patient registries, facility surveys, hospital discharge abstracts, standardized population and patient surveys, and dedicated agencies for reporting on quality. Policy‐makers can use this article to identify options for driving the quality agenda and address anticipated implementation barriers.     

Copyright ownership in university students' academic works

Legal context. The impact of human rights on intellectual property(‘IP’), particularly in the light of the Human RightsAct 1998 and growing criticism of IP by civil society. Key points. There can be a greater legal, as well as political,role for human rights in the development of IP. The place ofhuman rights in IP litigation is established: see decisionsin Levi v Tesco, Ashdown v Telegraph and ITP v Coflexip. However,the impact of human rights has been limited to extreme peripheralcases, without challenging the central priority accorded tothe interests of IP owners. After considering practical applicationsin ‘non commercial’, ‘hybrid’, and ‘commercial’fields, this article argues for a more pervasive and centralrole for human rights, by greater reference to the Human RightsAct 1998, the EU Charter, international human rights instruments,TRIPS and decisions of other jurisdictions. This should enablea more balanced outcome to be reached in many, but not all,cases. Practical significance. IP owners, those challenging IP rights,and those advising them should all consider greater use of humanrights in IP litigation—not just in exceptional cases.Those resisting infringement may increase their prospect ofsuccess; those arguing for infringement will be better placedto counter arguments which may be raised. However, revisionof national, regional and international IP legislation wouldbe required to address all perceived social difficulties withIP.     

学员入学训练阶段SAS、SDS测评分析与思考

贵州警官职业学院对学员采取的是统一的军事化管理，不同类别学员在入学训练的不同时期一心理健康状况不一样。调研结果显示：新学员在入学训练阶段存在心理问题，但是焦虑和抑郁症状随训练时间的椎移明显减轻；而且学员的训练成绩与心理健康状况成正相关。要搞好公安教育体制改革后招录学员的入学训练，就必须有针对性地加强新学员的心理疏导，才能提高训练成绩。     

矛盾分析法在大学生思想政治教育中的具体运用

矛盾分析法是大学生思想政治教育的根本方法。大学生思想政治教育过程是一个充满矛盾并不断化解矛盾的过程,对大学生思想政治教育过程中的矛盾,我们要坚持具体问题具体分析,善于抓主要矛盾和矛盾的主要方面,积极促使矛盾转化。     

Hong Kong Workers toward 1997: Unionisation, Labour Activism and Political Participation under the China Factor

This essay delineates the three related areas on Hong Kong's labour front, unionisation, labour activism and political participation, which have been transformed by the new China factor of 1997 sovereignty retrocession and economic integration. During the last two decades, the decolonisation-democratisation processes have rapidly politicised organised labour to such an extent that political unionism displaced social unionism as the hallmark of the Hong Kong labour movement. Yet, under the impact of economic recession and restructuring with high unemployment and wage freeze, the struggle for livelihood concerns may become the bedrock for labour activism in China's Hong Kong into the 21st century.     

The environmental dilemma in Taiwan

While econoists and academics across the globe have praised the many advances in Taiwan’s miracle economic development since the 1950s, the costs of such rapid economic growth are quickly becoming evident in the deterioration of the environment of the island. The immense beauty of Taiwan’s landscape has been seriously harmed in many areas as a result of the rapid economic growth of the nation. Air and water pollution, soil contamination, and nuclear radiation leaks, as well as deforestation had become serious problems by the 1980s. This study gives a brief overview of the state of Taiwan’s environment today, assesses government activities to clean up the environment in Taiwan, examines the role foreign nations and citizens’ groups play in Taiwan’s environmental efforts, and gives some views about the future of the environmental movement in Taiwan.     

The provision of public goods by a local entrepreneurial state: The case of perservation of the Nanyue relics in China

In 1995, relics of the royal palace of the ancient Nanyue kingdom were, for the first time, excavated in Guangzhou, the provincial capital of Guangdong in south China. As the site is situated at the very business centre of the city, preservation of the relics at the original location would be highly costly. Conflict thus emerged between archaeological consideration and economic calculation. In the end, the Guangzhou municipal government decided to preserve the relics, though at huge compensation and displacement cost. The case has led to the question of how an intergenerational, non-factor-attracting public good (relic preservation) could be provided by an economic-oriented local government (Guangzhou)? This article will tackle the question using the public choice approach. It will explain the political logic of the case in terms of the emergence of a new civil service system in China. Some theoretical implications of such an approach will be considered.