动物有权利还是仅有福利?——"主、客二分法"与"主、客一体化法"的争论与沟通

在法律关系主体的范围上,"主、客二分法"与"主、客一体化法"一直存在激烈的争论.本文首先围绕争论的焦点,即动物是否可以成为主体以及动物是否享有权利的问题,介绍、比较和分析各自的观点,在此基础上,初步阐述两种语境下的法律关系结构及其运行.在探讨了沟通的逻辑起点后,又对动物权利和动物福利两种理论沟通的现实性和可能性进行了分析.     

美国大学生诚信管理体系运行机制及对我国的启示

本文以美国大学生诚信管理为主要研究对象,介绍了美国大学生诚信管理现状及其诚信管理体系建设经验,以期对推进我国大学诚信教育管理体系的发展提供一些启示和帮助.     

以科学发展观为指导 构建当代环境资源公平

环境资源公平是生态文明的重要理论前提和实现方式.环境资源公平涉及到人与自然和人与社会关系的协调解决.维护环境资源公平需要以马克思主义唯物史观为指导,以科技创新为动力,以公平正义的社会制度作保证,同时还要建立具有普世意义的环境资源公平价值观.     

搜索引擎的法律治理——以表达自由和知情权为视角

为迎合自己的使用群体,搜索引擎服务商会对搜索内容做一些编辑和调整,这些编辑和调整会对某些内容产生系统化的偏好,于是产生了＂搜索引擎偏见＂（Search Engine Bias）现象。＂搜索引擎偏见＂有其存在的现实合理性,但是不当的＂偏见＂能够干扰互联网环境下的表达自由并侵犯公众知情权,给社会带来负面影响,因此有必要采取适宜的法律治理措施规范搜索引擎市场。     

民事判决既判力主观范围研究

正栏目说明为推介中国人民大学法学院博士培养成果,搭建论文品评乃至学术评价之平台,《法学家》专辟"博文精萃"一栏。该栏目由两部分组成:其一是"论文要旨",由博文作者对其博士论文进行全面系统而重点突出的介绍,一般宜包括如下要素:论文的体系架构;论文每章节的主要内容;论文的主要特点;论文的主要创新和不足;论文所研究领域的课题展望。其二是"论文评议",可以是答辩委员会的论文审查意见,或者评审专家的点评,具体宜包括如下要素:对论文的总体评价;对论文的体系及各章节的评价;对论文创新的评价;指出论文的不足以及进一步完善的方向。敬请关注并提出宝贵建议。     

通过抛尸现场确定犯罪现场一例

杀人碎尸案件是指犯罪嫌疑人将被害人尸体的全部或部分肢解为若干块(段)后,四处抛撒、掩埋、隐蔽的杀人案件.杀人碎尸案件因其案件本身所具有的疑难条件,使案件不易侦破,但有时也因抛尸地点较多,每处抛尸地点有着必然的联系.刑侦部门往往以此为突破口使案件得以侦破.     

历史偶然性研究

整个社会的经济状况决定社会的政治、心理、文化,经济对社会这种始原的决定的作用是任何其他因素所不能替代的.除此而外,也有一定条件下给社会以巨大影响的人物、事件、自然因素,这就是历史偶然性的作用.一系列历史事件都是必然性与偶然性的联合表象.偶然的背后是必然.研究历史偶然性,具有极大的理论意义和实践意义.     

13C4-secobarbital as the internal standard for the quantitative determination of secobarbital--a critical evaluation

In this study, 13C4-secobarbital was used as an exemplar compound to illustrate the mechanism based on which the effectiveness of a proposed internal standard (IS) could be evaluated. A deuterated analog, 2H5-secobarbital, was also studied in parallel for comparison purposes. Well-established solid-phase extraction and methylation procedures were used prior to the GC/MS measurement step. The contribution of the intensity of an ion designated for the analyte (secobarbital) by the proposed IS, and similarly, the contribution of the intensity of an ion designated for the IS by the analyte--a phenomenon termed "cross-contribution"-were evaluated based on a "direct measurement" procedure in which equimolar amounts of the analyte and the IS were used to generate intensity data. These intensity data were then used as the basis for the calculation of "cross-contribution" (in percentages) of ions designated for the analyte and the IS. Cross-contribution data were compared with the linearity data resulting from two series of standards containing 25 to 9600 ng/mL secobarbital using two sets of quantitation ion pairs--m/z 196/200 and 195/199 with 13C4-secobarbital as the IS and m/z 196/201 and 195/200 with 2HS-secobarbital as the IS. 13C4-secobarbital was found to be much less problematic and thus can serve as a very effective IS. Cross-contribution data alone cannot fully explain the observed differences resulting from the use of these two ISs; further systematic study is needed to provide better understanding of the underlying interference mechanism.     

Characterization of allegedly musk-containing medicinal products in Taiwan

As a highly valued ingredient of Chinese medicinal remedies, musk is used as a detoxification agent and for treating fever, inflammation and swelling, and pain. Muscone (3-methylcyclopentadecanone-1), an odoriferous secretion from the ventral glands of male musk deer, is believed to be the active ingredient. A small amount of muscopyridine is also found in the secretion from the ventral glands of male musk deer. Common counterfeit ingredients are musk xylene, musk ambrette, musk ketone, and diphenhydramine. An extraction/GC-MS protocol/data evaluation scheme was developed and applied to study allegedly musk-containing Musk-Tiger Bone Plaster preparations and musk pods (or grains) from Chinese medicine stores and an airport customs. The content of muscone in a specific sample was estimated based on the percentage of the amount recovered from the first extraction. No muscone or counterfeit ingredients were found in all musk pod (or grain) samples from the customs and in the majority of Musk-Tiger Bone Plaster preparations, while muscone (alone or with counterfeit ingredients) was found in most of the musk pod (or grain) collected from Chinese medicine stores.