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科学认识当代社会主义的几个基本理论问题

社会主义的长期性,曲折性和复杂性是由社会主义国家的历史起点决定的,是由社会主义国家所要完成的历史任务的艰巨性决定的,是由社会历史规律决定的;科学社会主义的产生和发展是与资本主义的历史联系在一起的,是与资本主义的发展密切相关的;而社会主义中国的政治“合法值”与价值“合理性”就在于“只有社会主义才能救中国,只有社会主义才能发展中国”。     

医疗纠纷的法医学鉴定

目的研究医疗纠纷法医学鉴定的特点,并讨论医疗纠纷法医学鉴定的重点及难点。方法将医疗缺陷分为责任性缺陷、技术性缺陷、管理性缺陷、学科性缺陷和其他缺陷,对36件案例分别进行分类并进行统计。其中把18例由医疗事故鉴定委员会鉴定的结论与我室的鉴定结果进行比较分析,其他18例另行统计。结果36例案件中存在医疗缺陷的占86.11%,其中技术性缺陷66.67%,责任性缺陷和管理性缺陷均占25%。18例由医疗事故鉴定委员会鉴定的结论与我室的鉴定结果进行比较,医疗缺陷的认定两者有明显差异(P<0.05),对于医疗缺陷已对患者造成不良影响的认定,两者具有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论法医进行医疗纠纷的鉴定,对医疗纠纷诉讼案件的处理起着积极的作用。目前,医疗纠纷的法医学鉴定仍存在许多问题需要进一步讨论。     

Isotopic analogs as internal standards for quantitative GC/MS analysis--molecular abundance and retention time difference as interference factors

The following analyte/isotope-labeled internal standard (IS) systems are adapted to further study the interference phenomenon previously reported from our laboratory--the intensity ratio of the ion-pair designated for a specific analyte/2H-analog system increases as the solvent used to reconstitute the extraction/derivatization residue is increased: (a) Three analyte/2H-analog pairs with 2H-atoms positioned at allylic sites (butalbital, secobarbital, methohexital); (b) Two analyte/2H-analog pairs without these structural features (pentobarbital, phenobarbital); and (c) Two analyte/13C-analog pairs (butalbital, secobarbital). Major experimental parameters adapted in this study include: (a) Varying reconstitution solvent volume while keeping a constant analyte/IS concentration ratio; (b) Varying analyte/IS concentration ratio; (c) Varying gas chromatograph (GC) injection port temperature; and (d) Varying GC column temperature programming conditions, rendering difference in the degree of overlap of the peaks derived from the analyte and the 2H-analog. This study results in the following observations: (a) Changes in the intensity ratio of the ion-pair designated for a specific analyte/2H-analog system depend on molecular abundance, regardless of whether the 2H-atoms are positioned at active allylic positions or not--thus, ruling out hydrogen/deuterium exchange as the cause of the observed interference phenomenon; (b) Variations in GC injection port temperature do not alter the observed interference phenomenon-thus, ruling out chemical reactions at the injection port as the underlying cause; (c) Variations in peak-overlapping between the analyte and the 2H-analog, facilitated by changing GC column programming conditions, alter the observed interference phenomenon. Abundance of the analyte and the 2H-analog and their overlapping characteristic in the mass spectrometer ion source are believed to be the underlying cause of the observed interference phenomenon. The interference phenomenon observed for a specific analyte/2H-analog system has significant consequences on the linearity of the thereby generated calibration curves. Nonlinear approaches can better describe the calibration data and are needed more in comparison to systems in which 13C-analogs are used as the ISs.     

生存的困惑--从赫索格与浮士德的对比看西方人生命意识的变迁

同是理想人生的探索者、自由精神的追求者,浮士德与赫索格非常典型地代表着各自时代人类生存的困惑与追求.浮士德在使自己融入人类大世界时的感觉是"这里我是人,我能做个人".赫索格把自己封闭在斗室中冥思苦想的结果则是"渴望做个人",却发现自己不是人.赫索格的窘境,正揭示了西方人对人生意义和价值的探索,在经历了两个世纪之后,又从终点回到了起点.     

Development and validation of the AmpFlSTR MiniFiler PCR Amplification Kit: a MiniSTR multiplex for the analysis of degraded and/or PCR inhibited DNA

DNA typing of degraded DNA samples can be a challenging task when using the current commercially available multiplex short tandem repeat (STR) analysis kits. However, the ability to type degraded DNA specimens improves by redesigning current STR marker amplicons such that smaller sized polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products are generated. In an effort to increase the amount of information derived from these types of DNA samples, the AmpFlSTR MiniFiler PCR Amplification Kit has been developed. The kit contains reagents for the amplification of eight miniSTRs which are the largest sized loci in the AmpFlSTR Identifiler PCR Amplification Kit (D7S820, D13S317, D16S539, D21S11, D2S1338, D18S51, CSF1PO, and FGA). Five of these STR loci (D16S539, D21S11, D2S1338, D18S51, and FGA) also are some of the largest loci in the AmpFlSTR SGM Plus kit. This informative nine-locus multiplex, which includes the gender-identification locus Amelogenin, has been validated according to the FBI/National Standards and SWGDAM guidelines. Our results demonstrate significant performance improvements in models of DNA degradation, PCR inhibition, and nonprobative samples when compared to the AmpFlSTR Identifiler and SGM Plus kits. These data support that the MiniFiler kit will increase the likelihood of obtaining additional STR information from forensic samples in situations in which standard STR chemistries fail to produce complete profiles.     

尸源性昆虫的法医学研究进展

尸源性昆虫学是应用昆虫学知识解决有关法律问题的法医学分支学科,对死亡时间的推断。特别是腐败尸体的死后间隔时间的推断等方面具有无可比拟的优越性。本文根据国内外近期法医昆虫学方面的研究进展,阐述了尸源性昆虫的研究历史、种类和侵蚀过程,并总结了尸源性昆虫形态学及分子生物学的种属鉴定方法。及近几年来在推断死亡时间方面的具体应用。就尸源性昆虫在法医学领域内的应用及进展进行综述。     

Asymmetric cointegration relationship among Asian exchange rates

This study investigates the asymmetric cointegration relationship among the Japanese yen, the Korean won, and the Singapore dollar using an instrumental variable threshold cointegration test which allows asymmetric adjustment and avoids test statistics depending on nuisance parameters. This threshold cointegration approach clearly provides evidence for a cointegration relationship characterized by asymmetric adjustment toward the long-term equilibrium level. This finding indicates that the long-term equilibrium relationship among the Japanese yen, the Korean won and the Singapore dollar remains stable with asymmetric adjustment. The finding also shows there is a temporal delay in the reaction of the Korean won and the Singapore dollar to the Japanese yen change. Therefore, we conclude that, in the short-term, Korean won and Singapore dollar shocks are important to determine the response of the Japanese yen; the Singapore dollar shock is also important to determine the response of the Korean won; however, the Japanese yen shock is unimportant to determine the responses of the Singapore dollar and Korean won.

Characteristics and prospects for East Asian economic integration: a Korean perspective

In terms of economic regionalism, East Asia lags far behind other major regions. It was only recently that institutionalization of regional economic integration was started among East Asia countries. However, functional economic integration has continuously proceeded among East Asian economies even without a region-wide RTA. This paper analyzes the trends of functional economic integration both in terms of trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) among East Asian economies, and reviews recent developments of economic regionalism in East Asia. It also addresses the prospects for a region-wide FTA in East Asia and draws some policy implications for East Asian countries at this juncture of economic regionalism in East Asia.