关于流浪儿童的需求及其服务模式的评估报告——对北京市未成年人救助保护中心志愿服务的评估分析

评估表明,流浪儿童在救助中心的需求是多方面的,除了吃住等需求外,他们还有心理健康需求、受教育的需求、回归与发展的需求。专业社工志愿者的介入提升了救助中心的整体服务品质,流浪儿童的心理状况得到改善,不良行为与习惯明显减少。今后应进一步完善评估体系,加强评估工作的理论建设,推动未成年人救助保护工作的制度性创新。     

What Do They Want in Life?: The Life Goals of a Multi-Ethnic, Multi-Generational Sample of High School Seniors

This study investigated ethnic as well as gender and generational similarities and differences in the life goals among graduating high-school seniors. Adolescents came from six ethnic groups: White, African, Mexican, Other Latino, Filipino, and East/Southeast Asian Americans. Their self-articulated medium-range life goals were grouped into 8 major categories such as occupational, educational, familial, and material goals. Group differences in various aspects of future plans, such as priorities given to different life goals, time frame of attainment, and perceived controllability over their attainment, were also examined. Hypothesized group differences based on current social realities and small-scale qualitative studies on ethnic minorities were not found; there were very few ethnic, gender, and generational differences in adolescents’ life goals. All groups reported a higher priority for, earlier expected attainment of, and more control over their medium-range educational and occupational goals than their family-related and material goals. Further, long-term educational and occupational aspirations were high across all groups. There were moderate ethnic differences in educational expectations and none for corresponding career expectations. Thus, current inequalities in educational and occupational attainments across ethnic groups were only partially reflected in the life goals of adolescents on the brink of graduating from high school.This study was supported by the School of Social Ecology and the Department of Psychology and Social Behavior at the University of California, Irvine; as well as the Max-Planck-Award for International Cooperation granted to Jutta Heckhausen and funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). We are indebted to Susan Farruggia, Ph.D. and Laura Gil-Trejo for their valuable contribution to data collection and help in the day-to-day management of the overall project. We also acknowledge with appreciation the assistance of numerous undergraduate research assistants in data collection and data entry.Developmental psychologist with current interests in the familial factors that affect motivation and disengagement with life goals in adolescence and young adulthoodDevelopmental psychologist with current interests in cross-cultural human development,and the neural bases of math and language learning.Developmental psychologist with clinical training. Her current interests are in the cross-cultural study of familial and peer factors in adolescents’ and young adults’ psychological well-beingClinical psychologist with research interests in the links between economic stress and behavioral disorderDevelopmental psychologist with a current focus on developmental regulation during major life-course transitions, in particular the transition from school to work and to college     

丝光绿蝇COⅡ序列分析与地理种群分布的关系

目的探讨不同地理种群丝光绿蝇遗传距离与所处地理纬度差异分布的相关性,为法医学判断丝光绿蝇所属地理种群及推断死亡地点服务。方法采集于呼和浩特和成都地区2个地理种群4个丝光绿蝇,对其线粒体DNA(mtDNA)上细胞色素氧化酶亚单位Ⅱ(COⅡ)基因中635bp序列进行分析;同时通过GenBank中BLAST检索系统检索世界不同地理纬度地区的6个地理种群的6个丝光绿蝇该区域的mtDNA序列,用MEGA2.1软件包进行序列分析和构建系统发育树,并将分析所得各苍蝇间的遗传距离与地理纬度差值运用SPSS10.5统计软件进行回归和相关分析。结果8个地理种群丝光绿蝇mtDNA上COⅡ中635bp基因序列分析所得遗传距离与地理纬度差值之间存在相关性(r=0.286,P=0.034)。结论8个地理种群丝光绿蝇mtDNA上COⅡ中635bp基因序列分析所得遗传距离与所处地理纬度差异分布之间存在相关性。     

Higher failures of amelogenin sex test in an Indian population group

The human sex test in forensic multiplexes is based on the amelogenin gene on both the X and Y chromosomes commonly used in sex genotyping. In this study of 338 male individuals in a Malaysian population comprising Malays, Chinese and Indians, using the AmpFlSTR Profiler Plus kit, the amelogenin test gave a significant proportion of null alleles in the Indian ethnic group (3.6% frequency) and 0.88% frequency in the Malay ethnic group due to a deletion of the gene on the Y chromosome. This sex test also failed in a forensic casework sample. Failure of the amelogenin test highlights the need for more reliable sex determination than is offered by the amelogenin locus in the Malay and Indian populations. The gender of the Indian-Malay amelogenin nulls was confirmed by the presence of three Y-STR alleles (DYS438, DYS390 and DYS439). For the Indian ethnic group, one of the Y-STR forms a stable haplotype with the amelogenin null. The amelogenin-deletion individuals also showed a null with a male-specific minisatellite MSY1, indicating that a very large deletion was involved that included the amelogenin and the MSY1 loci on the short arm of the Y chromosomes (Yp).     

论中国土地使用权制度的完善——兼评三部《中华人民共和国民法》(草案)的相关规定

中国土地使用权制度的立法完善,包括未来<民法典>的制定,应当被理解为一种变法,一种观念的变革,要敢于突破现有的概念.我国现有的三部<中华人民共和国民法>(草案)虽然各具特色,但在其土地使用权制度构建方面却都存在着某些问题.在<民法典>起草的过程中通过争论及时发现问题,并集思广益提出解决问题的办法将有助于<民法典>(草案)的不断进步和完善.因此,本文在认真检讨三部<民法典>(草案)中土地使用权制度的基础上,构建包括地上权、用益权、农地租赁权、地役权以及土地权利登记和流转的新型土地使用权制度,为我国<民法典>中土地使用权制度的完善提供一种可供选择的思路.     

儿童及青少年组损伤特点分析

儿童及青少年遭受意外事件和暴力事伤害的现象日益突出，本文对１５６例２～１７岁涉及诉讼的未成年人法医学鉴定案例进行回顾性研究，结果表明：３月、４月、８月、１２月四个月发案率偏高，每天下午４点前后最易发生伤害案件；损伤部位以头面部最多见，损伤类型以软组织损伤最多；案发地点于儿童组以住家及其周围场所、学校或幼儿园居多，于青少年则以公共场所居多；加害人多为熟人，包括同学、邻居，青少年受陌生人攻击明显增多，儿童遭受意外事件多，受故意伤害的少，青少年组则刚好相反。同时，作者讨论时还指出，我国目前存在虐待儿童和忽视儿童的现象，以后者更为普遍，这种消极不作为的侵害未成年人权益的现象在司法实践中应引起重视。     

精斑中磷酸葡萄糖变位酶(PGM_1)及其亚型的电泳分型

本文用淀粉凝胶电泳法和 PAGIEF 对精斑 PGM_1普通型及亚型进行了检测。169份精液斑的 PGM_1分型结果是:PGM_1 1—1 87例;PGM_1 2—1 66例;PGM_1 2—2 16例,其中31例同一个体红细胞及精液 PGM_1分型的结果完全一致。研究了138例不同精子数精斑的 PGM_1型,发现精子数的多少对分型无影响。亚型检测结果与红细胞一样可分10型。     

20余年来大陆学者关于华侨华人与抗日战争研究述评

20余年来,大陆史学界对华侨与抗日战争关系的研究硕果累累.这些研究主要集中在华侨投身抗日救亡运动的原因和特点,华侨对祖国抗战的主要贡献,抗战期间有关各方的侨务政策,战时华侨领袖和著名人物以及华侨与太平洋战争等方面.     

我国现行羁押制度实施中的问题、原因及对策

羁押是我国侦查机关采取刑事强制措施所导致的一种后果,羁押制度设置的目的是为了防止犯罪嫌疑人有妨碍刑事诉讼或重新犯罪的行为。我国现行的羁押制度在具体实施中存在着诸多问题,羁押过程中违反法律、侵犯人权的行为时有发生。为了在维护被羁押人合法权益的前提下顺利推进刑事侦查工作,必须对我国现行的羁押制度进行改革。