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143.
Johannes Alexeew Linda Bergset Kristin Meyer Juliane Petersen Lambert Schneider Charlotte Unger 《International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics》2010,10(3):233-248
The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) allows industrialised countries to use credits from greenhouse gas abatement projects
in developing countries in order to fulfil their own emission reduction commitments. There has been mounting evidence that
the CDM’s ability to fulfil its goals as stipulated by the Kyoto Protocol—contributing to the sustainable development of the
host countries and delivering real, measurable and additional emission reductions—is less than satisfactory. In this article,
an evaluation is made of CDM projects’ likelihood of being additional by assessing the impact Certified Emission Reductions
have on the Internal Rate of Return of the individual projects. In addition, the projects’ sustainable development benefits
are assessed by using a multi-criteria analysis. In a final step, the relationship between the projects’ additionality and
sustainability contribution is assessed and a trade-off between these two CDM goals is established, revealing a potential
inherent conflict in how the current mechanism works. The analysis is based on a systematic evaluation of 40 registered CDM
projects in India. 相似文献
144.
Graham Francis Wagstaff Jacqueline Mary Wheatcroft Charlotte Lucy Burt Hannah Jayne Pilkington Keely Wilkinson Jennifer Dianne Hoyle 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》2011,26(2):152-161
Despite the decline in popularity of hypnosis as an investigative interviewing technique, this paper builds on previous research
showing that some of the techniques employed in traditional hypnotic interviewing may still be useful in the development of
simple, brief memory facilitation procedures for use by the police. Three experiments are described that investigate the effects
of a short Focused Meditation with eye-closure technique in situations where participants are presented with misleading information.
In the first study, which utilized a standard misinformation paradigm, a significant memory facilitation effect was shown
with Focused Meditation, though the effect was not significant for eye-closure alone. There were no increases in errors when
the Meditation and eye-closure procedures were used alone or in combination. The second experiment showed that a combined
Focused Meditation with eye-closure technique reduced misinformation effects associated with fictitious events, and a third
showed that the same technique reduced interrogative suggestibility effects as measured by the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale,
whilst facilitating free recall memory. It is concluded that a Focused Meditation with eye-closure technique may potentially
have applications in the field where brief alternatives to the Cognitive Interview are required. 相似文献
145.
Ellen M. Hondrogiannis Ph.D. Charlotte Newton M.S.F.S. Rachel Alibozek M.S.F.S. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2019,64(4):1160-1168
The Organization of Scientific Area Committees defines threshold of identification as the minimum concentration of ignitable liquid identifiable from gas chromatographic‐mass spectrometry data using accepted pattern identification criteria. We propose a method for determining this threshold for gasoline based on base peak to qualifier ratios of six compounds. The ion ratios were established for each compound in the neat gasoline. These ratios were then compared to those obtained for gasoline and 98% weathered gasoline both spiked onto burnt nylon carpet at 20 ppt down 0.50 ppt, and recovered from the carpet using headspace extraction (ASTM 1412). Identification was confirmed if the compounds’ ion ratios fell within ±25% of that in the neat sample. We found that ion ratios for all samples were acceptable for six compounds at 1.60 and 0.80 ppt for extracted neat and extracted 98% weathered gasoline, respectively, illustrating potential for incorporating into Quality Assurance Programs. 相似文献
146.
Two experimental studies examined the effect of opposing expert testimony on perceptions of the reliability of unvalidated forensic evidence (anthropometric facial comparison). In the first study argument skill and epistemological sophistication were included as measures of individual differences, whereas study two included scores on the Forensic Evidence Evaluation Bias Scale. In both studies participants were assigned to groups who heard: (1) no expert testimony, (2) prosecution expert testimony, or (3) prosecution and opposing expert testimony. Opposing expert testimony affected verdict choice, but this effect was mediated by perceptions of reliability of the initial forensic expert's method. There was no evidence for an effect on verdict or reliability ratings by argument skill or epistemology. In the second experiment, the same mediation effect was found, however scores on one subscale from the FEEBS and age also affected both verdict and methodological reliability. It was concluded that opposing expert testimony may inform jurors, but perceptions of the reliability of forensic evidence affect verdict, and age and bias towards forensic science influence perceptions of forensic evidence. Future research should investigate individual differences that may affect perception or bias towards forensic sciences under varying conditions of scientific reliability. 相似文献
147.
Jenny L. Afkinich Andrew M. Winters Geetha Gopalan Charlotte Lyn Bright 《Journal of public child welfare》2019,13(4):379-400
Promoting successful implementation of evidence-based practices within child welfare agencies necessitates accurately measuring absorptive capacity (i.e., the ability to acquire, assimilate, transform, and exploit knowledge) through valid and reliable assessment. However, a measurement tool does not exist for child welfare agencies. As such, this exploratory study identified existing measures and items relevant to absorptive capacity in child welfare. The study resulted in 12 identified measures, comprising 98 applicable items. This research is a first step toward creating a measure for use in child welfare settings that will guide practice and administration decisions through valid measurement. 相似文献
148.
Charlotte Twight 《政策研究评论》1990,10(1):9-39
This article analyzes the government's role in regulating asbestos-related health hazards in the United States. The U.S. government has served as both promoter and regulator of the U.S. asbestos industry, and this article examines the extent to which—in both capacities—it has hindered rather than facilitated the information dissemination essential to voluntary assumption of asbestos related risks. In documenting the behavior of the major government actors, this paper investigates the political and economic forces that have shaped U.S. asbestos policy. It shows how the Congressional transition from promoter to regulator of the asbestos industry can be explained by the susceptibility of political processes to transaction-cost augmentation by the bureaucracy. 相似文献
149.
150.
Charlotte Twight 《Public Choice》1993,77(4):835-854
This paper suggests a practical mechanism to mitigate problems of demand revelation and free riding that arise when efforts are made to create urban amenities such as parks or nature preserves through voluntary private purchase. Building on the work of earlier writers, the model provides a potential way to increase voluntary donations for local public goods, holding constant the incentive to free ride, while simultaneously introducing a mechanism — the refundable trust — that reduces the incentive to free ride. A case involving implementation of this mechanism is described. 相似文献