大鼠脑挫伤后FN表达与损伤时程关系的研究

为寻找推断脑损伤经历时间的可靠指标,采用自制自由落体撞击法致大鼠右顶叶局灶性脑挫伤模型,于不同时间段处死大鼠后,进行纤维连接蛋白的免疫组织化学及原位杂交法研究,结果发现纤维连接蛋白及其 mRNA表达水平与伤后经历时间有一定相关性,并能较好地鉴别死前脑挫伤和死后脑挫伤,可作为推断脑挫伤经历时间的参考指标之一。     

不同损伤时间大鼠皮肤切创 Fos表达研究

目的研究皮肤切创在伤后不同时间段 Fos的表达 . 方法在大鼠皮肤切创模型石蜡切片上进行 Fos免疫组化染色 . 结果伤后 10min, 表达量开始增高 , 伤后 3h达高峰 , 以后又逐渐降低 , 至损伤 1d后 , 表达量与对照组无显著性差别 . 结论 Fos为皮肤伤后的敏感指标 , 但需结合其他指标综合评价 .     

挤压综合征大鼠血清酶浓度变化的初步研究

目的观察挤压伤大鼠血清肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶心肌同功酶(CK-MB)浓度的变化,阐明肢体挤压伤大鼠早期是否存在心脏损伤。方法复制挤压伤大鼠动物模型,全自动生化分析仪检测血清CK、CK-MB浓度的变化。结果挤压伤后12h,血清CK、CK-MB浓度显著升高,并持续48h以上。结论肢体挤压伤早期可能有心脏损伤的存在。     

中西人格结构的比较研究

本文从弗洛依德的人格构造说出发,首先探讨人格结构三要素"本我"、"自我"、"超我"均衡发展的文化前提,然后对中西人格结构,中西人格结构赖以形成的文化背景,以及不同人格结构的文化人所创作的文化作品的优与劣进行比较,通过比较指出文化转型时期我国人格结构的缺陷,并提出理想人格培养的具体措施.     

浅论扩大中国共产党的群众基础——学习江泽民"七一"讲话

江泽民同志在"七一"讲话中明确提出中国共产党要不断扩大群众基础.本文认为,新的历史条件下,"三个代表"要求中国共产党扩大群众基础;非公有制经济企业及从业人员的社会主义性质为中国共产党实现这一目标创造了前提条件;而"中国工人阶级的先锋队、中国人民和中华民族的先锋队"则为扩大群众基础指明了方向.因此,扩大党的群众基础是新历史条件下党中央所作出的重大科学决策.     

论"全球伦理"及其对发展中国家利益的侵蚀

"全球伦理"主张全球"共同繁荣"、"全人类的利益高于一切",其实质是为西方发达资本主义国家的新殖民主义扩张服务的.充分认识和防范"全球伦理"对发展中国家利益的侵蚀,对于发展中国家维护自身利益具有重要的现实意义.     

Modeling SSI financial eligibility and simulating the effect of policy options

This article simulates eligibility for Supplemental Security Income (SSI) among the elderly, analyzes factors affecting participation, and looks at the potential effects of various options to modify financial eligibility standards for the federal SSI program. We find that in the estimated noninstitutional elderly population of 30.2 million in the United States in 1991, approximately 2 million individuals aged 65 or older were eligible for SSI (a 6.6 percent rate of eligibility). Our overall estimate of the rate of participation among eligible elderly is approximately 63 percent, suggesting that more than a third of those who are eligible do not participate in the program. The results of our analysis of factors affecting participation among the eligible elderly show that expected SSI benefits and a number of demographic and socioeconomic variables are associated with the probability of participation. We also simulate the effects of various policy options on the poverty rate, poverty gap, annual program cost, the number of participants, and the average estimated benefits among participants. The simulations consider the potential effects of five policy alternatives: Increase the general income exclusion (GIE) from $20 to $80. Increase the earned income exclusion (EIE) from $65 to $260. Increase the federal benefit rate (FBR) by $50 for individuals and $75 for couples and eliminate the GIE. Increase the asset threshold to $3,000 for individuals and $4,500 for couples. Increase the asset threshold to $6,000 for individuals and $9,000 for couples. Using 1991 microdata from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) matched to Social Security Administration administrative records and making adjustments reflecting aggregate program statistics, we present the results of our simulations for December 1999. The results show substantial variation in the simulated effects of the five policy alternatives along the various outcome dimensions considered. The simulated effects on the poverty gap of the elderly population range from a 7.9 percent reduction ("Increase the GIE from $20 to $80") to a 0.1 percent reduction ("Increase the EIE from $65 to $260"). All simulated interventions are expected to increase the rate of SSI participation among the elderly from a high of 20.3 percent ("Increase the GIE from $20 to $80") to a low of 0.5 percent ("Increase the EIE from $65 to $260"). We also find that the interventions that have greater estimated effects in terms of increased participation and reduced poverty tend to cost more. At the high end, we estimate that increasing the GIE from $20 to $80 could raise annual federal SSI cash benefit outlays by about 46 percent, compared with only 0.9 percent for increasing the EIE from $65 to $260. Similar to the EIE intervention, raising the resource thresholds by 50 percent would reduce the overall poverty gap of the elderly by only 0.2 percent, would increase SSI participation only modestly (by 1.3 percent), but would entail slightly higher program costs (by 1.4 percent). Increasing the asset threshold by 200 percent would have higher estimated effects on all three outcomes, but it would still be associated with relatively low increases in both costs and benefits. Finally, the simulated effects on the three key outcomes of increasing the FBR by $50 for individuals and $75 for couples, combined with eliminating the GIE, are relatively large but are clearly less substantial than increasing the GIE from $20 to $80. This work relies on data from the SIPP matched to administrative data on federal SSI benefits that provide a more accurate picture of SSI participation than has been feasible for previous studies. We simulate eligibility for federal SSI benefits by applying the program rules to detailed information on the characteristics of individuals and couples based on the rich array of demographic and socioeconomic data in the SIPP, particularly the comprehensive information SIPP provides on assets and monthly income. A probit model is estimated to analyze factors affecting participation among the eligible elderly. Finally, we conduct the policy simulations using altered program rules represented by the policy alternatives and predicted participation probabilities to estimate outcomes under simulated program rules. We compare those simulated outcomes to observed outcomes under current program rules. The results of our simulations are conditional on the characteristics of participants and eligibles in 1991, but they also reflect aggregate adjustments capturing substantial changes in overall participation and program benefit levels between 1991 and 1999.