Application of a computer assisted image analyzer to the assessment of area and number of sites of dental attrition and its use for age estimation

A simple method was devised to assess dental attrition in terms of its area and number of sites by using dental plaster casts and a computer assisted image analyser. The changes presented on the occlusal surfaces of teeth were investigated for age estimation using these criteria. The area of attrition on each tooth demonstrated a significant positive correlation with age, but a wide individual variation was observed in the values for each tooth. Therefore, this method was unsuitable for accurate age estimation of a single tooth. A strong negative correlation with age was observed in the number of sites of attrition. A multiple stepwise regression analysis using the variables 'attrition area' and 'attrition number' revealed multiple correlation coefficient values of 0.93. The quantitative assessment of both horizontal and vertical factors of dental attrition would be essential to improve the accuracy of this method.     

刑事正当程序宪法化研究

被宪法确认和采纳后的正当程序原则,对刑事程序的正当化影响深远,形成了庞大的宪法刑事程序法体系,会对刑事程序中的公民权利保障发挥重要作用.我国刑事正当程序宪法化可采取以宪法修正案的形式明确"正当程序"原则,使刑事被追诉人程序权利宪法化,建立宪法权利救济机制,真正保障公民刑事正当程序权利.     

死刑适用中的酌定因素研究——兼议《关于办理死刑案件审查判断证据若干问题的决定》第36条

酌定量刑因素在死刑立即执行改判为死缓或无期徒刑案件的量刑中发挥了重要作用.酌定量刑因素主要包括:案件起因、犯罪动机、犯罪对象、犯罪手段、犯罪时间、地点、犯罪前的一贯表现、犯罪后的态度和表现、被害方谅解.法院应该在罪刑相适应与刑罚个别化相结合原则指导下,正确运用酌定量刑因素,以达到限制死刑适用的目的.     

建立新型教育矫治体系之探讨

三种管理模式的实施,对劳教工作的发展起到了积极的推动作用。从运行成效看,稳定了劳教场所秩序,增强了劳教人员的自律意识,提升了劳教人民警察的专业化水平,为劳教管理工作改革拓展了空间,赢得了社会各界的关注和赞誉。其现实意义已经显现,也必将在今后的劳教工作中发挥更大的     

Homicide and economic change: Recent analyses of the Joint Economic Committee report of 1984

The relation between recession and homicide is classic in the United States. This has been affirmed in the 1976 and 1984 Reports to the Joint Economic Committee (JEC) of the United States Congress. Recent analysis confirms the findings reported in both 1976 and 1984 and demonstrates that the influence of recession on homicide is greater than previously estimated. Differences in the 1976 and 1984 findings on homicide are related to differences in the hypotheses tested, as discussed in detail and highlighted in the 1984 report. JEC staff correctly interpreted and reported the 1984 findings. Reproduction of the 1984 homicide equation is straightforward, provided the same data and any of several standard estimation techniques are used. Evidence does not support any of Cook and Zarkin's claims in their critique of the 1984 homicide equation. The JEC report of 1984 used appropriate techniques in the attempt (a) to ensure that influences attributed to economic changes are not actually due to other social factors and (b) to minimize underspecification of models.     

在巴西总统卢拉访问中国社科院演讲会上的致辞

尊敬的巴西总统路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦阁下, 尊敬的女士们,先生们: 初夏的北京,气候温和宜人,中国社科院在一派喜悦的气氛中欢迎尊敬的贵宾——巴西总统卢拉阁下光临.5年前,同样是在这个季节,卢拉总统就任后首次来中国进行了一次成功的访问,自那次访问以来,中巴合作的深度、广度不断扩展,两国的友好合作关系呈现出崭新的局面.今天,总统阁下再次来到中国,并莅临中国社科院发表演讲,令我和我的同事们倍感荣幸.在此,请允许我代表中国社科院向总统阁下及随行各位贵宾表示热烈的欢迎.     

量刑程序改革语境中的量刑证据初探

在量刑程序改革的背景下，对量刑证据的研究显得尤为重要扣迫切。以证据为核心进行量刑裁判是量刑公正性和合理性的有效保障。量刑证据在证明对象、证明标准、证据能力规则等层面均表现出不同于定罪证据的特质。在死刑案件中，对量刑证据规则的设定以及量刑证据的判断和运用应该更加严格。     

A Comparison of Forensic and Nonforensic Malingerers: A Prototypical Analysis of Explanatory Models

Explanatory models of malingering strive to understand the primary motivation underlying attempts to feign. Rogers, Sewell, and Goldstein (1994) provided empirical support for the conceptualization of pathogenic, criminological, and adaptational models. In the current study, a prototypical analysis of 221 forensic experts results in a slightly refined formulation: the adaptational model was decomposed into its two broad dimensions (cost–benefit analysis and adversarial setting). An important finding is that the factor structure for the explanatory models remained stable when applied to both forensic and nonforensic cases. As a first investigation, significant differences were observed in prototypical cases of malingering by the category of referral (forensic or nonforensic) and by type of feigning (mental disorders, cognitive impairment, and medical syndromes). Surprisingly, the feigning of medical syndromes appeared to play a relatively prominent role in both forensic and nonforensic cases and to be influenced by the apparent adversarial context of the assessment. Finally, important gender differences were observed, especially with nonforensic prototypical cases of malingering.