应用ELISA检测人IgG进行血痕种属鉴别的研究——酶联免疫在物证检验中的应用研究之一

本文应用 ELISA-双抗体夹心法,通过检出血中的人 IgG 鉴定人血痕。双抗体夹心法是常用来检测抗原的一种方法,但在法医学上用于测定血痕种属尚少报道。我们建立的这种方法,新鲜人血痕的阳性结果可测到64万倍。保存三年的陈旧血痕仍可测出。马、牛、羊、狗、猪、鸡、鸭、鸽、兔、驴、骡和鹌鹑均为阴性。由于本法灵敏度高、特异性好、试剂易得,勿须贵重仪器,在物证检验中便于推广。     

CRIME IN THE IVORY TOWER: THE LEVEL AND SOURCES OF STUDENT VICTIMIZATION*

Contrary to the image of college campuses as “ivory towers,” the victimization of college students recently has been portrayed as a serious problem deserving policy intervention. Based on interviews designed after the National Crime Victimization Survey, which were conducted with 3,472 randomly selected students across 12 institutions, we examined both the level and sources of students'victimization. More than one-third of the sample reported being victims during the 1993–94 academic year. Informed by the lifestyle-routine activities approach, the analysis revealed that the risk of property victimization was increased by proximity to crime, target attractiveness, exposure, and lack of guardianship. The main predictor of violent victimization was a lifestyle that included high levels of partying on campus at night and the recreational use of drugs.     

Identification of the murder weapon by intricate patterned injury measurements

Critical studies of an intricate blunt force injury pattern in a brutal homicide led to the identification of the murder weapon. A 50-year-old male was bludgeoned to death in his apartment during a robbery allegedly engineered by his daughter. Careful measurements and overlay construction of the wounds relative to the magazine catch, lanyard ring, magazine chamber, and butt of a 32-caliber Eistegui Hermanos fibar (Espa?a) automatic pistol led to the conclusion that either the alleged weapon or one identical to it caused the fatal injuries.     

Turn a Relationship of ＂Neither Enemy nor Friend＂ into One of Cooperation on a Relatively Equal Footing

President-elect Barack Obama once said that to the United States, China is neither an enemy nor a friend, it is a competitor. I think after Obama takes office as the president, the new American administration will deepen and elevate Sino-American relations on the basis of such an understanding.     

哈贝马斯文化研究的逻辑

哈贝马斯的文化研究经历了三个阶段,实现了研究范式的不断转换,提出了不同的文化观点。其一,哈贝马斯在批判法兰克福"文化工业"理论背景中展开的公共领域分析,揭示了资本主义意识形态从文化批判到文化消费的转型。其二,哈贝马斯探讨了功能主义文化,提出了社会文化与社会行为动机之间的功能主义关系。其三,哈贝马斯引入了实践-政治视角,在论说交往行动理论体系中提出了文化参与伦理和政治实践的现实可能性。     

老城区的衰退与复兴

受自然资源枯竭、主导产业衰退、技术发展的周期性变化、投资和生活环境恶化等因素的影响,一个城市的老城区在一定的历史时段里会出现衰退现象.实现老城区的复兴,必须以现代科技为工业化提供新动力,不断优化产业结构,在坚持保护优先的前提下对老城区实施有机更新,努力形成和保持自身的特色魅力和优势,大力发展文化产业,注意差异性与整体协调发展的统一,实行"政府主导,社会参与,市场化运作"的模式,在着力实现经济振兴的同时注意解决好各种社会问题,推动经济社会的全面协调发展.     

Measuring the thickness of facial soft tissues using nuclear magnetic resonance tomography for the purpose of identification

Nuclear spin tomography since its beginnings in the seventies has steadily gained in importance as a method of examination in medical diagnostics as it produces a picture. In the field of forensic medicine the NMR technique as used for anatomic-anthropologic issues attempting to identify skulls this is a valuable supplement to an extension of the existing methods of investigation. The results of a measurement of the thickness of soft facial tissue in a live test person is shown as compared to measures obtained by sonography.     

Suicide in Fulton County, Georgia (1975-1984)

Demographic and trend analysis of 881 consecutive suicides in blacks and whites is presented. For the years 1975 through 1984, the suicide rate was 15.1/100 000 and did not significantly change. White males were overrepresented in all age groups, had an overall suicide rate of 34.9, and showed a small but statistically significant increase in rate which was not accounted for by any specific age group. White females, in general, were represented in proportion to their prevalence in the population, and those ages 20 to 24 demonstrated an increasing suicide rate which was small. Black males were at highest risk in their twenties, showed no significant trends, and were also represented near their prevalence in the population. Black females of all ages were underrepresented, and had low suicide rates which decreased with time. No significant rate changes were noted for teenagers or the elderly. Firearms was the method of choice in all groups, although methods varied with age, race, and sex, and male children preferred hanging. Small but significant increases were noted for the prevalence of nondrug methods in females and carbon monoxide deaths in white males. Similarities and differences to larger scale studies are discussed. Suicide may have characteristics unique to given geographical areas and pervasive to all areas. The authors advocate study and publication of local data to clarify further the nature of suicide.     

委托理财型受贿犯罪的司法认定

在委托理财型受贿中,当国家工作人员存在实际出资时,应当根据委托理财所体现的不同民事法律关系,确定与之相对应的法律规则,以此来准确把握"出资应得收益"。当国家工作人员所获收益高于出资应得收益的数额达到受贿罪的数额标准时,就可以受贿论处,不必达到"明显高于"程度。在主观上,只要国家工作人员对超额"投资收益"这一对象存在应当知道的认识,并对自己获取超额"投资收益"的危害结果存在必然性或者可能性确实预见即可。     

Acute effects of carbon monoxide and cyanide on hepatic mitochondrial function

The effects of carbon monoxide and cyanide on the hepatic redox state and energy charge were investigated. Rats were used for the experiment under pentobarbital anesthesia. Immediately after laparotomy, a rat was placed in an animal chamber made of a transparent plastic box and exposed to a test gas for 3 min. Every test gas was produced in a gas chamber connected to the animal chamber with a flexible tube. HCN was produced from NaCN and H2SO4. In the CO inhalation experiment, various amounts of CO were introduced into the gas chamber. Immediately after an exposure, about 2 g liver was frozen in situ with a precooled clamp. Oozed blood from the wound surface was sampled. Concentrations of ATP, ADP, AMP, acetoacetate, and beta-hydroxybutyrate in hepatic mitochondria were determined, and the redox state and the energy charge were calculated. For cyanide as well as CO, significant negative correlations were found between the concentration in the blood and the redox state. The same held true for the energy charge. The redox state showed a slight increase at low concentrations of both gases; however, thereafter it began to decrease sharply with increases in concentrations. When concentrations of the toxicant in the blood reached certain levels, a kind of turning point, beyond which the redox state does not decrease any more, was observed. It was about 40% for HbCO and about 2.0 micrograms/ml for cyanide, and the points seemed to be related to the concentrations, beyond which cells are irreversibly damaged. On the other hand, the energy charge did not change at low concentrations. With an increase in toxicant concentrations, the energy charge decreased drastically. The rate of decrease in the energy charge became higher when blood concentrations exceeded certain levels. It was about 40% for HbCO and 2.0 micrograms/ml for cyanide. The presence of low levels of blood cyanide did not affect the relationship between the energy charge and the HbCO concentration.