信用证欺诈及其例外原则

随着我国对外贸易的迅速发展,信用证欺诈问题日益严重.如何妥善地应对和解决信用证欺诈问题,是我国信用证立法与司法实践中所面临的重要问题之一.文章首先分析了信用证欺诈的概念及其产生的制度根源;然后全面地阐释了信用证欺诈例外原则及其适用的条件和范围;最后对我国相关领域的立法与司法实践进行系统总结,并归纳出我国现行法律中关于解决信用证欺诈问题的基本指导思想,即努力维护信用证的独立性,同时明确规定欺诈例外原则,并对欺诈例外原则的适用条件和范围施加严格的限制,以防止其滥用.     

中国传统文化对"和"思想的诉求

中国传统文化中有美"和"、求"和"、为"和"的主流式态.和谐文化理念和价值追求是中国文化的特征性表现,"天人合一"的哲学思想,"和而不同"的思维方式."尚中贵和"的价值取向,"和谐社会"的价值目标等构成了中国和谐文化的丰富内涵.对传统"和"思想的认知与认同,是中国文化实现超越和发展的基础.     

《资本论》与中国特色社会主义

《资本论》指出交换依据的实质是劳动时间,由此确定利润来自剥削。资本有机构成的变化与价格之间究竟是什么关系？在《资本论》分析“利润率趋向下降的规律”当中,隐含了这个问题的答案。《资本论》是对《共产党宣言》消灭剥削这一主张的具体论证,揭示了资本剥削最终导致资本主义社会出现生存危机。《资本论》只研究资本主义如何自我灭亡,并非研究资本运行。从恩格斯“《资本论》第三册增补”看出,投资-利润是资本运行最简单的表达式。如果非剥削的利润有可能存在,资本运行就需要我们从一个新的起点上来研究。社会和谐是中国特色社会主义的本质属性。在坚持消灭剥削的同时,当代中国的劳资关系应当是和谐,而不是对立。     

现阶段增值税转型改革若干问题研究

东北、中部等地区的增值税转型改革试点,内容包括转型政策框架、主要地区与行业范围、固定资产抵扣情形与限制情形、抵扣方法与退税程序等方面。试点工作取得了明显成效,但也存在一些问题,建议及时改进增值税转型面临的问题,进一步构建新型的增值税体制。     

刘少奇在华北抗战中

1935年夏．日本帝国主义对华北发动了新的侵略．严重威胁了中华民族的生存。同年12月。为反对日本帝国主义策划“华北无省自治”而爆发了震惊全国的“一二九”运动,从此华北和全国的抗日救亡运动都随之走向高潮。为了开创华北抗战的新局面,     

公安院校实践教学改革若干问题思考

实践教学是公安教育的一个主要教学环节,对于提高学生的综合素质,培养学生的创新精神和实践能力有着不可替代的作用,本文就将实践教学的现状及存在的问题进行分析,并提出了相关改革措施。     

行政法上的利害关系人新探

从大陆法系国家公权利和反射性利益相区分的角度看,与行政主体相对的私人可以分成行政相对人、利害关系人和一般公众,他们是行政法"人像"的具体展开。从本质上看,利害关系人是由反射性利益人转化而来的一类公权利人,这类行政法上私人的确立必将改变行政过程中的利益结构,推动行政过程的民主化,促使行政法重心的转移。     

论宗教宽容的政治化和法律化

宽容思想发源于宗教,《圣经》、《古兰经》、儒教和佛教的学说都包含有内在深刻的宽容思想。宗教宽容的政治化和法律化主要开始于17世纪洛克和培尔等学者的倡导,最终在美国的宪法及其修正案中得到了较好的体现。但是,这一进程在伊斯兰国家和中国却长期未能得以顺利实现,宽容的实践仍然主要停留在宗教的层面。这是导致我国、伊斯兰国家和西方在政治、法律等领域出现本质差异的根本原因之一,也是宗教宽容在我国和伊斯兰国家仍然需要世俗化的主要理由。     

Judging the “Vapid and Hollow Charade”: Citizen Evaluations and the Candor of U.S. Supreme Court Nominees

Supreme Court confirmation hearings have been famously called a “vapid and hollow charade” by Elena Kagan. Indeed, perceptions of nominees’ refusal to answer questions about pending cases, prominent political issues, or give any hint of their ideological leanings have become a cornerstone of the modern confirmation process. We investigate the extent to which this reticence to speak of their ideological views, or candor, influences how individuals evaluate the nominee. To this end, we present the results of a survey experiment which examines how support for a hypothetical Supreme Court nominee is affected by information, especially when a nominee is presented to be very forthright or very reticent in answering ideological questions during the confirmation hearings. We find that while partisan compatibility with the president is the main determinant of support for a nominee, nominees who refuse to answer ideological questions can bolster support from respondents who would not support them on partisan grounds. We supplement these findings with observational state-level support data from real nominees over the last 40 years.     

The Chinese Political Opposition in Exile: A Chequered Development

Deploying the perspectives of diaspora politics and transnational social movements, this article analyses the impact of the key factors conditioning the overall environment in which the overseas Chinese democracy movement (OCDM) has operated since the 1989 Tiananmen event in Beijing (where weeks of mass protest rallies by students, intellectuals, workers, and citizens led to a violent crackdown by the People’s Liberation Army on the demonstrators on 4 June). China’s phenomenal rise as a global power, its transformed relations with the West and diaspora communities, and its toughening control over political dissent inside and outside the country have created an increasingly arduous and complex mobilising terrain for the dissidents in exile. Meanwhile, Taiwan’s democratisation, political nativisation, and China-focused economic exchanges have minimised Taipei’s role as the mainland exiles’ traditional backer. Finally, the shifting norms, demographics, and practices of the overseas Chinese diasporas have further compounded these challenges.