The Chinese Revolution and the Communist International*

Abstract

This article is an intervention in some controversies concerning the role of the Communist International in and outside China. It seeks to tackle the inappropriate denial of its guidance and aid to the Chinese Revolution. In doing so, this paper makes several arguments. First, it argues that the Communist International provided the Chinese Revolution with valuable guidance, support and assistance. These contributed tremendously to the Communist Party of China’s birth, development, consolidation and maturation and advanced its theoretical self-consciousness. Second, while the Communist International gave its guidance in the sincere hope that the Chinese Revolution would benefit from correct theories and advanced experiences, it absolutised the theoretical conceptions of the classical Marxists and the Russian experience. This led to mistakes or misjudgments that deserve an accurate evaluation. Third, the Communist International was itself conducting theoretical exploration, and was generally able to adjust its own theories and change its strategies. Fourth, for all the Communist International’s guidance, the universal tenets of Marxism had to be integrated with the concrete practice of the Chinese Revolution, and it was the ability of Chinese communists to Sinicise Marxism–Leninism in what amounted to a theoretical revolution under Mao Zedong’s leadership that accounts for the revolution’s ultimate victory.     

Cyber asset in judicial discourses: a socio-semiotic interpretation

Issues concerning cyber asset in cyberspace have intrigued the legislators, the judicial practitioners, the netizens, and even the onlookers in real world; simultaneously, academia is discussing the disputes aroused by this intangible object. However, various studies in the past refined the discussions in domains of law but the refinement fails to clarify the cyber-asset issues and to resolve the disputes. Therefore, a better understanding of what “cyber asset” is can be achieved by exploring cyber asset in the judicial discourses from a socio-semiotic perspective. In this study, judicial discourses are tantamount to the semiotic resource. Then, incorporating in a generic model of judicial discourses, we examine (1) how cyber asset as a sign has been framed by agents of the judicial institution of the People’s Republic of China; (2) how the judicial institution justified their framing; and (3) whether any temporal change in the semiotic system of cyber asset took place. Furthermore, by applying the five questions introduced by Van Leeuwen, we examine why the quandaries of cyber asset are aroused. In conclusion, we propose that the cyber-asset disputes can hardly be resolved unless joint efforts are made by the legislature and the judiciary of the People’s Republic of China.     

国家与青年对"青年崇拜"思想态度的变化——以《人民日报》1978年至2021年"五四青年节"社论文章为考察中心

在我国,"青年崇拜"思想产生于20世纪初,其实质是将年轻人在年龄、身体、思想等方面优势政治化.该思想的出现和流行是社会发展背景和当时青年人共谋建构的结果.改革开放四十多年来,在国家层面,通过节日庆祝、领导人讲话、官方媒体宣传等方式延续和强化"青年是国家和民族的未来"的崇拜式叙事逻辑;在青年层面,改革开放的前十年,青年对自身的角色定位与国家的定位大体上趋向一致,认同并内化了"报效祖国""振兴中华"的角色期待,并且以学生运动的形式参与公共事务.但随着改革开放的不断深入,青年人对民族振兴、社会主义建设等宏大叙事失去激情,转而更加注重个人的利益.甚至在当下,国家努力建构的"社会主义接班人"的青年角色定位被年轻人以网络段子和表情包解构掉.总之,改革开放以来,国家与青年对于群体崇拜式角色定位的认知出现了微妙变化,呈现出从趋同到分流的趋势.     

Dispersive Containment: a comparative case study of labor politics in central China

Why is there no large-scale labor movement out of intense labor conflicts in current China? Based on a comparative case study of two groups of workers—state workers vs. temporary workers—this paper is an attempt to explore the concrete processes and mechanisms of workers' struggles—how they navigated among street protests, office petitions and court prosecutions through their interaction with state agencies. The argument is that different workers obtained different symbolic rewards instead of material concessions, based on their different social positions and historical trajectories. Unlike the classical ‘fragmentation’ argument which attributes the working class's inaction to its internal divisions, this argument focuses on the interaction between the differentiated workers and the local state agents, during which the workers lost their radical momentum and became subjected to the state's peaceful taming based on the workers' differences. This is a process called ‘dispersive containment’, i.e. dissipating the labor conflicts through divergent symbolic treatment of working-class protest without granting material rewards to them.     

东北振兴与东北亚经济合作

我国东北地区参与东北亚经济合作取得了一定进展,但现实结果不够理想.当前,东北老工业基地业已进入全面振兴的攻坚阶段.从知识经济和经济全球化的时代背景出发,借鉴国际经验,结合我国国情尤其是东北区情,"再工业化"不失为东北振兴攻坚阶段发展模式的理性选择.新阶段、新模式,客观上为东北振兴与东北亚经济合作提供了新契机.抓住新契机,实现新发展,需要有具体对策,更需要有战略构想.     

试论拉丁美洲国家现代化进程中的国家重建

国家重建是后发国家现代化进程中需要解决的一个重要问题,国家重建往往成为这些国家现代化顺利推进和实现的关键条件。本文通过对国家重建概念的认识以及拉美国家现代化进程中国家重建的三个阶段的分析,探讨了国家重建在现代化进程中的作用,指出国家政权与制度建设是拉美国家现代化实现过程中至今尚未解决的关键问题之一。     

Are Perceptions of Organizational Justice Universal? An Exploration of Measurement Invariance Across Thirteen Cultures

Previous research examined whether justice effects are comparable, focusing on quantitative differences in justice effects. This study examines whether justice perceptions are structured similarly or whether they are qualitatively different across working populations from 13 nations. Confirmatory factor analysis and multi-group analysis show that Colquitt??s (J Appl Psychol 86:386?C400, 2001) four-dimensional model of justice works well across these samples. However, factor intercorrelations and reliabilities are found to systematically vary between cultural samples. Perceptions of justice are more highly intercorrelated in power distant and collectivistic samples, in line with extensions of the relational model of authority. Score reliabilities were lower in collectivistic settings.     

印度“补偿性歧视”的合宪性调适——兼论对我国的启示意义

印度宪法同时规定了实现社会正义的两条路径：一方面禁止基于种姓等事由的歧视,另一方面授权政府以＂补偿性歧视＂方式提升表列种姓、表列部族和其他落后阶层的福祉。近年来,补偿性歧视的政治化倾向和种姓身份逆向确定等问题在印度愈发突出,威胁到制度本身的存续。印度最高法院通过在中性的禁止歧视原则中嵌入反从属的价值取向和＂衡平-比例＂原则的适用调和了冲突的宪法利益。印度在执行补偿性歧视中暴露出的问题以及对不同宪法利益整合的思路为完善我国民族优惠政策提供了有益参照。     

STRtyper-10F/G联合CODIS系统鉴定突变三联体和二联体

目的 评估STRtyper-10F/G、CODIS系统联合应用在突变三联体和二联体亲子鉴定中的鉴定能力.方法 104例亲子鉴定样本,采用CODIS检测,其中3例三联体发现突变的案例以及101例二联体中73例认定和28例排除案例,分别再使用STRtyper-10F/G检测;统计认定和排除情况、比较单独使用和联合使用在排除关系案例中的表现和法医学参数(H、DP、PE、PIC、TPI).结果 3例存在突变基因的三联体案例加做STRtyper-10F/G未发现更多的矛盾基因座,PI值均大于10 000,可作出认定结论;73例二联体认定案例中13例PI不足10 000,加做STRtyper-10F/G系统后PI＞10 000,可确认认定;28例排除案例最高排除率CODIS为50.00％、STRtyper-10F/G为64.29％;两个体系均具有较高的杂合度(H≥0.7)和信息量(PIC ＞0.7),联合应用CEP为0.999 999 999 505 3.结论 STRtyper-10F/G和CODIS系统联合应用可满足突变三联体和二联体亲子鉴定的需要.