对我国发展循环经济的思考

从20世纪80年代开始,我国用短短的20多年走完了发达国家上百年的历程。发展规模之大、速度之快世所罕见。但是,我们在发展中走的仍是传统发展之路,能源、资源消耗大,经济、社会效益低,特别是生态环境破坏严重、代价高昂。有关专家提出,靠传统的发展模式解决不了经济发展中面临的资源生产率问题,必须树立科学发展观,坚定地实施可持续发展战略,走循环经济发展之路。本文着力探讨解决经济增长与资源和生态环境之间的矛盾的出路———发展循环经济,并提出了相应的对策措施。     

“矛盾修辞”与文艺的悖论

“矛盾修辞”将两个对立的事物放在一起并使它们发生修辞上的联系。它不是通常意义上的对比,而是使两个本来不可调和的事物所具有的特征相互渗透,相互溶入,通过对两者的综合,用两者的合力营造出一种全新的境界。它不仅在美学方面体现出一种雄健的审美趣味,而且在揭示自然和精神的真相方面表现出一种道德上极端残忍的清醒。作为表现手法,“矛盾修辞”使表现不可表现的内容成为可能;作为思想方法,它把意识活动引向常情常理不能达到的深处;作为创造手段,它开辟了一个充满悖论的统一世界。波德莱尔在其创作中惯常使用“矛盾修辞”。对“矛盾修辞”的探讨可以帮助我们廓清波德莱尔倡导的“深层修辞”某些方面的内涵。同雨果的“美丑对照”原则相比,波德莱尔通过“矛盾修辞”体现出来的美学理念无疑是一种深化和升华,它揭示深度的思想情感或思想情感的深度,凸显生活中固有的不可消解的矛盾和悖论,启发一种观照世事和人心的现代视角。     

公益诉讼制度初探

近年来,随着公民法律意识与权利意识地加强,各地不断爆出不计个人得失为公共利益而提起诉讼的普通公民,但他们的起诉无一例外都是被驳回。这是因为我国现行的诉讼制度在确定诉讼当事人时,对原告采用的是“适格说”,即原告必须是与本案有直接利害关系的公民、法人和其他组织,也就是说,原告必须是为了维护自身的合法权利提起诉讼。对于为了维护国家和社会公共利益而提起诉讼,它的主体在我国只能是人民检察院,即由检察院代表国家提起,而目前,检察院只有权对刑事案件提起公诉,对民事、行政案件只有检察监督权而无起诉权。这说明我国的诉讼制度还有待完善,而完善的途径之一就是引入公益诉讼制度。     

论循环经济的目标及其规范

循环经济的目标是生态效应,提高生态经济效率和实行3R原则还难以达到这个目标,需要转换思路,创新设计.循环经济立法以生态效应为导向,构建其法域、部门法和法律关系.     

中日关系历史认识问题中的美国因素

二战结束以来,日本在对历史问题的认识上同亚洲各国背道而驰并越来越远,是与美国在占领日本时期对日不认罪态度的纵容、旧金山和会至冷战期间对日本的庇护和扶植、冷战结束以来怂恿和帮助日本成为“正常国家”的政策分不开的。美国出于地缘战略的需要,其对日政策将是长期的,中日关系中对历史问题的认识分歧也将是长期的。     

管制器具的界定及管理模式探究

管制器具是有危及公共安全可能需由公安机关加强管理的器具、物品的总称。包括:管制刀具;弓、弩等弹射器具;飞镖、摔刀等力掷器具;强光、电击等“防身器具”等。加强管制器具的管理应尽快制定统一的法律或规章。     

Corporate crime: State-owned enterprises in China

Conclusion A decade ago, the Chinese leadership frankly acknowledged that the model of a fully planned economy, with its system of state-owned and state-run enterprises, was what Lenin had called a bureaucratic dream. 86 Today, state-owned enterprises are enjoying far more freedom to operate, and the state is trying to control them with more law and fewer plans. The use of criminal law to confront corporate crime is part of the effort to import advanced management methods from the West. Nonetheless, in the context of state ownership and Party leadership, the appropriateness of this approach is questionable.The Company Law is a new instrument to bring about fundamental changes in China's system of business organizations. These changes will help determine the scope and limits of criminal law, as applied to corporate enterprises, in the next decade. In this context, I would suggest replacing the concept ofdanwei crime with the concept of corporate or company (gongsi) crime; distinguishing thosefaren that can independently bear criminal liability from those that cannot; and clearly defining the elements of corporate offenses. Corporate criminal liability is a concept applicable when the corporation not only commits the crime but also has the legal capacity to be liable in its own right. Individual liability is still the sole principle applicable to a government agency, even if the crime is collectively committed.Given the historic context of China's socioeconomic reform, criminal law reform can advance only gradually. To insure that Western concepts fit the Chinese setting, lawmakers must make certain that every new criminal statute or regulation is enforceable even where enterprises remain closely interconnected with the state and decision-makers in publicly owned enterprises are mainly appointees of the state.I gratefully acknowledge the invitation of Daniel Prefontaine, Director of the International Centre for Criminal Law Reform and Criminal Justice Policy, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and of the Hon. Josiah Wood of the British Columbia Court of Appeal, to present an earlier version of this essay at the eighth international conference of the Society for the Reform of Criminal Law, Hong Kong, December 4–8, 1994. Thanks are also due to Madeleine Sann, Director of Publication,Criminal Law Forum, for her excellent editorial comments.Postgraduate Diploma of Legal Studies, ECIPSL 1984, LL.M., Shanghai Academy of Social Science 1985; Ph.D. candidate, Simon Fraser University.     

论《外资金融机构管理条例实施细则》的修订

随着我国银行业的进一步对外开放和监管法律框架的不断完善,为促进外资金融机构的安全、健康发展,我国对原《外资金融机构管理条例实施细则》进行修订和完善。本文从新《细则》的修订入手,通过比较我国和美国监管法的不同,论述了新《细则》修订的必要性、科学性及前瞻性。     

论文化转型中公务员的法律意识

目前,中国正处在从人治文化走向法治文化的转型期,从法律文化转型的角度来看,公务员应该摒弃权力至上主义,确立法律至上意识;应该摒弃法律虚无主义,全面确立法的功能意识;应该摒弃法律工具主义,全面确立法的价值意识;应该摒弃法外特权观念,强化法的责任意识。这既是建设社会主义法治国家的基本要求,也是目前全面推进依法行政、努力建设法治政府的需要。     

试论案件侦查中的“习惯“

侦查人员要善于了解、掌握习惯的特性及种类,并为侦查活动所用。本文主要从习惯的特性、种类及意义三个方面对习惯进行了研究,对侦查实践具有一定的理论指导价值。