Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (“Bath Salts”),Related Death: Case Report and Review of the Literature,

Cathinone derivatives (bath salts) have emerged as the latest drugs of abuse. 3,4‐methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) is the primary active ingredient in bath salts used in this country. This article presents the second reported cause of death by MDPV intoxication alone. In April 2011, a delusional man was emergently brought to a hospital, where he self‐reported bath salt usage. He became agitated, developed ventricular tachycardia, hyperthermia, and died. Comprehensive alcohol and drug testing was performed. Using the alkaline drug screen, heart blood contained 0.7 mg/L MDPV and peripheral blood contained 1.0 mg/L MDPV. His bizarre behavior with life‐threatening hyperthermia was consistent with an MDPV‐induced excited delirium state. MDPV is not yet found by routine immunoassay toxicology screens. Testing for MDPV should be considered in cases with a history of polysubstance abuse with stimulant type drugs, report of acute onset of psychogenic symptoms, excited delirium syndrome, or presentation in a hyperthermic state.     

The Use of Near‐Infrared Photography to Image Fired Bullets and Cartridge Cases

An imaging technique that is capable of reducing glare, reflection, and shadows can greatly assist the process of toolmarks comparison. In this work, a camera with near‐infrared (near‐IR) photographic capabilities was fitted with an IR filter, mounted to a stereomicroscope, and used to capture images of toolmarks on fired bullets and cartridge cases. Fluorescent, white light‐emitting diode (LED), and halogen light sources were compared for use with the camera. Test‐fired bullets and cartridge cases from different makes and models of firearms were photographed under either near‐IR or visible light. With visual comparisons, near‐IR images and visible light images were comparable. The use of near‐IR photography did not reveal more details and could not effectively eliminate reflections and glare associated with visible light photography. Near‐IR photography showed little advantages in manual examination of fired evidence when it was compared with visible light (regular) photography.     

Violence risk and gang affiliation in youth offenders: a recidivism study

Abstract

Youth gangs are ubiquitous around the world and have been problematic for the social and criminal justice agencies. Despite widespread public concern, there has been relatively scarce empirical scrutiny of youth gangs internationally and little outside of America and Europe. In particular, the activities of youth gangs, the function of gang membership, the criminogenic needs of gang-affiliated youth, and the risk of criminal recidivism for gang-affiliated youth remain unclear. Against this background, this study explored the sociodemographic characteristics, risk and rate of criminal recidivism in a cohort of 165 male youth offenders in Singapore, of which 58 were gang-affiliated. Multivariate analyses revealed that gang-affiliated youth offenders were significantly more likely to have histories of substance use, weapon use and violence than nongang-affiliated youth offenders. Gang-affiliated offenders also scored higher on measures of risk for recidivism (SAVRY and YLS/CMI), and engaged in violent and other criminal behaviors more frequently during follow-up. These differences indicate a significant relationship between gang affiliation and criminal recidivism in youth offenders. Furthermore, these findings have important clinical and policy implications, indicating an increased requirement for additional and more intensive assessment and tailored interventions for gang-affiliated youth offenders.     

War and Gender Inequalities in Health: The Impact of Armed Conflict on Fertility and Maternal Mortality

Recent studies have found significant excess mortality in women during and immediately after armed conflicts. This article directly assesses one of the most likely explanations, namely that war negatively affects reproductive health. Armed conflicts may contribute to sustain high fertility levels through increased social insecurity, loss of reproductive health services, and lower female education. Further, war's deteriorating impact on health infrastructure is expected to increase the relative risk that women die from complications associated with pregnancy and childbirth. These claims are tested in a global time-series cross-national study from 1970 through 2005. Three major findings are reported. First, armed conflicts are associated with higher overall fertility in low-income countries only. Second, maternal mortality rates are elevated, albeit moderately, in conflict countries. Third, conflicts in neighboring countries are associated with lower maternal mortality, possibly indicating that health interventions among refugee and host populations are relatively successful. While addressing one of the least successful UN Millennium Development Goals, this study also responds to the UN Security Council Resolution 1325, in which Article 16 specifically calls for the “Secretary-General to carry out a study on the impact of armed conflict on women and girls.”     

坚持走中国特色社会主义工会发展道路必须正确处理好四个关系

坚持走中国特色社会主义工会发展道路,必须正确处理好四个关系.即必须正确处理好工会与党的关系,是这条道路的核心;必须正确处理好工会与职工群众的关系,是这条道路的关键;必须正确处理好工会与外国及国际工会组织的关系,是这条道路的条件;必须正确处理好工会自身内部的关系,是这条道路的动力.     

警察职务化犯罪与警务督察机制

以违法犯罪为主的警察腐败问题是当今世界警界面临的共同问题。我国的警察违法犯罪已表现为职务化倾向。实施警务督察,大力清理门户,是世界级的遏制警察违法犯罪的基本对策。本文试结合警察违法犯罪客观存在的现实及职务化犯罪的特点,对我国警务督察制度以理性的思考。     

浅析人文理念在思想政治工作中的主导作用

在思想政治工作中,人文理念起着主导作用,这是因为人文理念反映了人类的共同意志,代表了大众的利益,并体现着党和政府的人文关怀。     

女大学生一般自我效能感的质性研究

本研究采用访谈法对33名女大学生的一般自我效能感水平、获得途径以及效能感所发挥的作用进行了调查,然后对所获文本信息进行了深入分析和诠释。结果表明,一般自我效能感的评价中存在横向和纵向两个比较标准;一般自我效能感主要通过成功经验和特质归因获得;其在女大学生对活动的选择、思维的活跃程度和归因倾向方面都发挥作用。“自我效能感”理论最早是由班杜拉作为其社会认知理论的一个重要方面提出的。[1]20世纪70年代以来,有关人类行为的心理学理论和实证研究主要关注与行为有关的知识和技能的获得过程、行为反应模式以及将知识、技能转…     

企业科技投入与核心竞争力培育

作为市场竞争主体的企业,其生存与发展需要依靠培育核心竞争力。而投入不足是影响企业创新能力和核心竞争力的主要因素。与国外企业比较,我国企业发明专利拥有量少,原始创新和技术含量偏低,因而企业的创新能力尤其是核心竞争力亟待进一步提高。     

利用PHOTOSHOP软件提取数字图像Lab模式信息进行实性检验探索

本文根据实际案件,探讨利用PHOTOSHOP对数字图像在Lab模式下的信息进行提取,探索该信息与数字图像的真实性之间的联系,以求对现实案件中出现的伪造、变造数字图像进行检验.