Regulatory Risk Management of Psychoactive Substances

Congress and the Drug Enforcement Administration have assigned certain psychoactive substances to one of five schedules, based on assumed or demonstrated abuse potential. Although formidable difficulties exist in assessing the hazards of drug use, some of these assignments do not appear consistent with empirical estimates. This mismatch of assignment and abuse potential -possibly due to "radical" political ideology - obscures significant differences in drug effects, and therefore stifles meaningful public participation in evaluating the benefits, risks, and proper use (if any) of available psychoactive substances.     

新功能区是实现城市化新的路径选择

城市化水平是衡量一个国家或 者地区经济发展程度的重要指标,加 速城市化的进程是一个国家经济发展 的必然选择。而新功能区的构建、发 展与完善,恰恰是实现中国城市化的 一个新的路径选择。     

Decision Making in Autocratic Regimes: A Poliheuristic Perspective

This paper applies the poliheuristic theory of foreign policy decision making to non-democratic states. Poliheuristic theory asserts that state leaders assign primary importance to their political survival; however, the meaning of "the political" varies dramatically from country to country. Furthermore, the types of actors who hold leaders politically accountable also vary between countries. Consequently, leaders often pursue vastly different means of ensuring their political survival. The author uses the common distinction between single-party, military, and personalist autocracies to show that apparently arbitrary differences in autocratic leaders' political concerns actually vary in systematic and potentially predictable ways. Because this argument is generalized to non-democratic states as a whole, it has important implications for the ways in which democratic states craft their policies toward autocracies.     

Reentry and Removal: Implications for Juvenile Confinement Facilities

An important national initiative in juvenile justice is Juvenile Offender Reentry (JOR). The renewed emphasis on offender reintegration has generated significant attention to juvenile justice practices, with the notable exception of juvenile confinement facilities. Juvenile detention and, to a lesser degree, juvenile corrections practitioners are involved but not invested in reentry, having made very few programmatic changes to accommodate JOR initiatives largely because these initiatives have been external to the institution and its staff. Yet, reentry is a powerful concept for juvenile facility practitioners, and the application of reentry principles could have a profound impact on daily operations. This article addresses a range of issues about investing juvenile institutions in reentry practices. Several reentry models are discussed along with their implications for daily operations and programs.     

中毒死亡案件的法医学分析

目的 分析中毒性死亡案件和与中毒死亡有关的医疗纠纷案件的法医学特点，探讨此类案件的防护重点和鉴定要点。方法 对四川大学法医学院1985～2004年106例中毒死亡尸体剖验病理材料进行回顾性统计分析。结果 性别：男性61例，女性45例。男女比例1．36：1；年龄：以21—40岁年龄组（60．38％）为主；死亡方式：意外死亡最多见（52．83％），其次为自杀（33．02％）和他杀（14．15％）；死亡原因：CO中毒、有机磷类中毒、毒鼠强及药物中毒多见（72．64％）；医疗纠纷：发生医疗不当12例（11．32％），7例为医源性中毒性医疗纠纷。5例为中毒后在医院抢救中发生的医疗纠纷，主要发生于乡镇医院和县级医院（83．33％）。结论 加强毒物的管理、提高安全意识、加强法制教育、增加生产安全等是减少中毒性死亡的重要手段。提高城乡医疗水平．加强中毒急诊抢救临床技能是防止中毒性医疗纠纷的关键。     

依法治国是妇女权益保护的关键

妇女权益包括政治权利、文化教育权益、劳动权益、财产权益、人身权利和婚姻家庭权益等 ,它涉及社会的政治、经济、文化等各个方面 ,是社会关系错综复杂地交织在一起的统一体。妇女权益保护包含在宪法、刑法、劳动法、诉讼法、婚姻法等完整的法律体系中。建立了完整的法律体系后 ,能否依法办事 ,即能否依法治国成了妇女权益保护的关键 ,依法治国是实现妇女权益保护的前提和保障