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51.
American federalism is a dynamic process involving the viewsand interactions among state and national officials. Based onmultiple mail surveys of state agency heads across 75 years,this article traces the perspectives of state executives towarda core component of statenational relationshipsfederalaid. The time frame dates from the 1920s and covers a periodin which federal aid programs to the states grew enormously,as did state administrative establishments. There was a long-termrise in the perceived intrusiveness of federal aid as well asincreased policy distortion effects. Despite substantial fluctuationsin perceived aid impacts, there was a four-decade consistencyin the penetration of federal aid into and across the existing3,000 state agencies. Furthermore, when perceptions of nationalinfluence are combined in an index of perceived national fiscalinfluence, there was a roller coaster effect with an overallsecular "decline" in national influence since 1974. 相似文献
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Seok-ju Cho 《Public Choice》2014,161(3-4):407-426
This article studies the long-run dynamics of policy choices, government formations, and voting behavior under a parliamentary constitution and proportional representation. I develop an infinite period game where, in each period, voters participate in a proportional representation election, and three farsighted parties bargain over one-dimensional policy programs and government positions. The model incorporates the interaction between elections and coalition bargaining, which is the essence of politics in most parliamentary systems, as well as a dynamic environment of policymaking: a policy once implemented remains in effect until another replaces it. I find a Markov perfect equilibrium in which (1) there is no majority party in any election; (2) election results converge over time to a stable vote distribution; (3) policy outcomes change over time but eventually stay within a set of three points; (4) minimal winning coalitions and minority governments are formed with positive probability and alternate over time. 相似文献
55.
The majority of research on intimate partner violence (IPV) has addressed male-to-female violence, although a small but growing
body of literature has developed that explores males victimized by female partners. This study used data from the National
Crime Victimization Survey from 1987 to 2003 to examine male victimization by comparing the nature of violence to female victimization
and by exploring the effect of perpetrator arrest on preventing revictimization. The sample was comprised of 2,462 female
and 298 male victims. Study variables included gender, arrest, revictimization, type of violence, injury, and use of a weapon.
Results showed that men were victimized by IPV less frequently than women and received fewer injuries, although they were
more likely to experience more severe violence. Police arrested female perpetrators, but generally only if injury was involved;
however, arrest did not reduce male victims’ chance of revictimization. 相似文献
56.
Jennifer R. Verkouteren M.S. Jessica L. Coleman M.S. Inho Cho B.S. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2010,55(2):334-340
Abstract: A method is described to perform automated mapping of hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine (RDX) particles in C‐4 fingerprints. The method employs polarized light microscopy and image analysis to map the entire fingerprint and the distribution of RDX particles. This method can be used to evaluate a large number of fingerprints to aid in the development of threat libraries that can be used to determine performance requirements of explosive trace detectors. A series of 50 C‐4 fingerprints were characterized, and results show that the number of particles varies significantly from print to print, and within a print. The particle size distributions can be used to estimate the mass of RDX in the fingerprint. These estimates were found to be within ±26% relative of the results obtained from dissolution gas chromatography/μ‐electron capture detection for four of six prints, which is quite encouraging for a particle counting approach. By evaluating the average mass and frequency of particles with respect to size for this series of fingerprints, we conclude that particles 10–20 μm in diameter could be targeted to improve detection of traces of C‐4 explosives. 相似文献
57.
Previously developed histological age-estimating methods have been based on samples lacking interpopulation variability. A comparison of age-associated rib histomorphometrics between an European-American sample and an African-American sample indicates that ethnicity can have a significant effect on osteon population density (OPD), osteon cross-sectional area (On.Ar), and relative cortical area (Ct.Ar/Tt.Ar). Based upon these findings, new histological age-predicting formulae are presented that are recommended when estimating age for African-American or European-American skeletal remains. A general formula that is applicable to remains of unknown ethnicity is also provided. 相似文献
58.
单荔枝 《天津市政法管理干部学院学报》2005,21(2):46-48
为保护公司、股东、及公司债权人的合法权益,解决我国公司中普遍存在的监事会虚设的问题,完善监事会制度,强化监事会对公司经营者的监督意义甚大。文章从公司法规定的监事会制度的法定职权和监事会的组成作为研究进路,分析了监事会制度的立法缺陷并提出相应的改进方向。 相似文献
59.
Toward Participatory and Transparent Governance: Report on the Sixth Global Forum on Reinventing Government: 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Pan Suk Kim John Halligan Namshin Cho Cheol H. Oh Angela M. Eikenberry 《Public administration review》2005,65(6):646-654
The Global Forum on Reinventing Government has made government reform and new forms of comparative public administration and politics global issues. Since the forum was initiated in the United States in 1999, it has been held in locations around the world with broad representation. Yet the proceedings of these forums have not been fully reported to the international public administration community. This paper reports on the ideas on reinventing governance that emerged from the Sixth Global Forum. Many of the participants in the forum came from developing countries, so the paper also provides ideas and points of view on governance that are beyond the mainstream literature in this area. 相似文献
60.
Does the introduction of proportionality in electoral systems help to boost popular evaluations of democracy? This article takes advantage of an electoral reform in Lesotho to conduct a natural experiment. We trace shifts over time in popular political support, using Afrobarometer data collected before and after reform to measure mass satisfaction with democracy and public trust in political institutions. We find both direct and indirect effects. In the aggregate, Lesotho's transition from a majoritarian to a mixed electoral system is directly associated with increased levels of citizen support for the country's state and regime. Importantly, however, formal institutions have only indirect effects at the individual level, where a person's informal partisan status – as a member of a winning majority or losing minority – mediates the impacts of institutional change. 相似文献