Japan's security policy in relation to normal statehood

The paper begins by establishing the context in which Japan's normal statehood will be based. The paper shows how difficult it is for Japan to attain the status of a normal state based on the country's political forces and the rising powers in the Asian region. The paper looks at the relationships between Japan and other nations like China and South Korea, which should be considered by Japan in order to attain normal statehood. These are countries that initially were under the control of Japan, especially in business and even militarily, but today they are assuming their own position in the world; an aspect that is considered a threat to Japan's smooth return to normalcy. The paper takes into consideration the models that Japan can adopt or adapt to attain the status of a normal state. The three models discussed are those of Britain, Germany, and France. The main aspect discussed under these models is autonomy; this is based on the fact that Japan can only attain the status of a normal state if it becomes autonomous.     

The Etiology of Basal Vacuolizations in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells Evaluated in an Isolated Perfused Kidney Model

To determine whether basal lipid vacuolization characteristic of ketoacidosis could be induced with short‐term hypertriglyceridemia, adult Sprague Dawley rat kidneys were perfused in an isolated perfused kidney model with, and without, 11.3 mM (10 g/L) of triglycerides in Krebs‐Henseleit buffer, for 1 and 2 h (n = 5/group). Additional treatments included perfusion with triglycerides with 20 mM of β‐hydroxybutyrate and 2 mM of acetoacetate (n = 5) and perfusion with triglycerides with 70 mM of glucose (n = 1). Basal vacuolization was produced in all groups, but differed in morphology to that reported in postmortem studies. There was no further increase in vacuolization after 2 h of perfusion compared to 1 h (p = 0.24), and the addition of ketones did not alter the morphology or extent of vacuolization. This study using an ex vivo model has confirmed that isolated hypertriglyceridemia is sufficient to cause basal lipid vacuolization in renal tubular epithelial cells, but with different morphology to vacuoles observed in lethal ketoacidosis at autopsy.     

GFP标记的重组新城疫病毒HN基因乳酸菌表达载体的构建及原核表达

为构建具有示踪特性的新城疫病毒(NDV)HN基因乳酸菌穿梭表达载体,采用PCR方法扩增NDV HN基因与绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)基因,将两基因克隆至乳酸菌表达载体pW425et中,转化入表达宿主菌BL21(DE3)后利用IPTG诱导表达。用荧光显微镜检查重组菌的绿色荧光效应,采用SDS-PAGE和Western-blotting检测其在大肠杆菌中的表达情况。结果显示,NDV HN和GFP基因与表达载体pW425et正确重组。荧光显微镜下可见阳性重组菌落的绿色荧光,且该重组菌传代30代次以上,荧光效应依然稳定。SDS-PAGE显示表达出约63ku的条带,与已知表达的HN蛋白大小相符。Western-blotting进一步证实该蛋白能被NDV阳性血清所识别,具有反应原性。构建了GFP标记的重组NDV HN基因乳酸菌穿梭表达载体且能在大肠杆菌中表达。     

Haplotypes for 12 Y-chromosomal STR loci in a Korean population (the central region)

Haplotypes and allele frequencies of 12 STR loci included in the PowerPlex Y system (DYS391, DYS389I, DYS439, DYS389II, DYS438, DYS437, DYS19, DYS392, DYS393, DYS390, and DYS385a/b) were obtained from a sample of 569 unrelated individuals living in the central region of Korea. A total of 473 haplotypes were observed in the 569 individuals studied, of which 426 (90.06%) were unique. The overall haplotype diversity for the 12 Y-STR loci was 0.9985, and the discrimination capacity was 0.8313. In DYS439, we found a new intermediate-sized allele that added an A at base 3 upstream from the repeat region's first GATA motif. The allele was named 11 (U3Ains) according to its sequence structure.     

关于受贿罪自首认定中隐瞒“行贿事实”问题的思考

贿赂犯罪存在行贿与受贿的对向性,因此司法机关对受贿犯罪自首的认定上比较混乱。这种混乱出现的原因在于法律对自首本身规定的复杂性,以及检察机关与法院对自首标准的把握尺度不同,主要表现在:是否要求受贿罪自首时供述行贿事实。因此,应当通过合理的刑法解释,打破行贿人与受贿人之间的利益裙带关系,推动受贿人自首时能主动交代行贿犯罪事实,从而寻找到案件的突破口。     

An archival exploration of homicide--suicide and mass murder in the context of 19th-century American parricides

There has been little attempt to integrate contemporary studies of suicide and mass murder to homicide-suicides. The current research attempts to do so in the context of 19th-century parricides in America. This project uses archival records from The New York Times and the Chicago Tribune, 1851-1899, resulting in a total of 231 incidents. Our results indicate that parricides, mass murders, and suicides tended to originate as spontaneous acts, usually during the course of an argument, gathering momentum as the interaction unfolded. We contend that suicide is one way of alleviating threats to offender's loss of self-identity.     

后京都时代：建立可持续碳排放政策的法律意义探析

碳是所有石化燃料的重要组成部分。由于我们越来越多地依赖碳燃料,释放到大气中的二氧化碳浓度也在迅速增加。多数科学家和政府承认温室气体已经并将继续为地球和人类带来灾难,包括频繁的恶劣天气,自然生态系统被破坏。所以“（控制）碳排放”、“碳中和”这样的专业术语,已经成为被大多数人所理解、接受、并采取行动的基础。随着“后京都时代”的来临,发达国家要求发展中国家制定强制性标准,共同为遏制全球气候变暖和可持续发展承担责任成为大势所趋。     

有效把握时间的领导艺术

时间之重要,人人都知道。尤其作为领导者,对"寸金难买寸光阴"这句话的体会更为深刻。从某种意义上说,能否充分利用时间,关系到工作的成败。对领导者来说,能否利用好时间关系到管理工作的水平和质量。做到合理利用时间是领导者应该学习和关注的大问题,同时也是必须把握的一门领导艺术。     

现实主义法学的批判与建构

法律形式主义曾是美国法学的正统,现实主义法学则从概念、逻辑、规则等多个角度对法律形式主义进行了批判,并以预测模式为中心,提出了个殊主义、目的性司法和对司法过程进行经验主义探究等改革主张,对美国法理学的未来走向影响深远。