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651.
Rhonda K. Lewis Felecia A. Lee Chris M. Kirk Michelle Redmond 《Journal of prevention & intervention in the community》2013,41(4):289-298
The purpose of this article is to examine the attitudes and substance use behaviors of African American adolescents living in the Midwest. A baseline survey was administered to 463 African American teens between the ages of 11–19. The article examines the relationship between attitudes toward drugs and drug-using behavior in this African American sample. Drug use will be compared to national drug use norms established by the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey. Overall participants had fairly negative attitudes toward drugs. Sixty percent of the sample reported that they were committed to a drug-free life, 74% had made a decision to stay away from marijuana, 79% reported making a decision not to smoke cigarettes, and 71% reported they would not get drunk in the next year. Females were more likely to stay away from marijuana than males. In this current study there is cause for alarm; participants reported higher percentages of ever smoking cigarettes and marijuana than the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey. This study shows there is a need to provide substance abuse prevention programs for African American adolescents. Limitations and future directions are also discussed. 相似文献
652.
Chris M. Kirk Rhonda K. Lewis Felecia A. Lee David Stowell 《Journal of prevention & intervention in the community》2013,41(4):320-332
Numerous studies and interventions have been designed to either reduce the prevalence of risky behaviors (substance use, sexual activity, etc.) or increase the level of educational activity for adolescents. Research suggests that these two constructs may be related yet little is known about this relationship among African American youth. Archival data from the Risk Reduction Project was used to explore the connection between the protective factors of educational aspirations/expectations and recent participation in risky behavior. Results suggest that recent use of marijuana, alcohol to the point of intoxication, and sexual activity predicted lower aspirations and expectations among African American youth. From a positive youth development perspective, this study suggests the development of holistic interventions that build educational assets in youth, in addition to working to minimize risk behaviors. Limitations and suggestions for future research are also discussed. 相似文献
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John Loughlin Professor of Politics Anders Lidstrom Chris Hudson 《Local Government Studies》2013,39(3):351-366
Local authorities have played an important role in the Swedish model of the Welfare State. This state is characterised by high levels of welfare provision paid for through general taxation, the rates of which are very high and the application of uniform standards across the entire country based on the principles of equity and fairness. The main form of income for local authorities is a Local Income Tax which is paid by 85% of the population. In the 1980s and 1990s, Sweden went through an economic crisis which resulted in significant changes to the tax system, although the Local Income Tax was retained. Subsequent changes have followed a pendulum process, with deregulation of local government finances in the 1990s being followed by greater regulation in the following years. Today, Sweden is conducting a major debate about the role and functions of different levels of government in the light of social, economic and political changes in the international scene. 相似文献
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The Impact of Child‐Care Subsidies on Child Development: Evidence from Geographic Variation in the Distance to Social Service Agencies 下载免费PDF全文
In this paper, we examine the impact of U.S. child‐care subsidies on the cognitive and behavioral development of children in low‐income female‐headed families. We identify the effect of subsidy receipt by exploiting geographic variation in the distance that families must travel from home to reach the nearest social service agency that administers the subsidy application process. Using data from the Kindergarten cohort of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, our instrumental variables estimates suggest that children receiving subsidized child care in the year before kindergarten score lower on tests of cognitive ability and reveal more behavior problems throughout kindergarten. An auxiliary analysis of longer‐run outcomes shows that these negative effects largely disappear by the time children finish first grade. 相似文献
659.
Timothy Caulfield Sarah Burningham Yann Joly Zubin Master Mahsa Shabani Pascal Borry Allan Becker Michael Burgess Kathryn Calder Christine Critchley Kelly Edwards Stephanie M. Fullerton Herbert Gottweis Robyn Hyde-Lay Judy Illes Rosario Isasi Kazuto Kato Jane Kaye Bartha Knoppers John Lynch Amy McGuire Eric Meslin Dianne Nicol Kieran O’Doherty Ubaka Ogbogu Margaret Otlowski Daryl Pullman Nola Ries Chris Scott Malcolm Sears Helen Wallace Ma'n H. Zawati 《Journal of Law and the Biosciences》2014,1(1):94-110
660.
Chris Bevan 《The Modern law review》2014,77(6):964-982
In November 2011, the Localism Act was passed and, on one view, reflects the widest‐ranging reforms to housing law for over a half century. Ambitious in its stated aims, the legislation was trailed as representing a broad shift in power from central Whitehall to local communities and individuals. The article critically examines the central changes introduced by the 2011 Act as they pertain specifically to housing law in England, namely the new flexible tenancy regime, the changes to homelessness duties under Part VII of the Housing Act 1996 and the reforms concerning the allocation of social housing. The article interrogates the extent to which the reforms realise the stated localist agenda and highlights areas of difficulty in interpretation and application. It concludes that rather than bestowing greater power on local communities, the reforms to housing law will instead effect a perceptible reduction of power in the hands of local people. 相似文献