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231.
While the United Nations and NGOs are pushing for global judicialization of economic, social, and cultural rights (ESCRs), little is known of their consequences. We provide evidence of the effects of introducing three types of ESCRs into the constitution: the rights to education, health, and social security. Employing a large panel covering annual data from 160 countries in the period 1960–2010, we find no robust evidence of positive effects of ESCRs. We do, however, document adverse medium‐term effects on education, inflation, and civil rights. 相似文献
232.
This article considers attempts by multinational corporations to provide services in areas of limited statehood. Under which conditions are such attempts effective? We make two arguments: First, they must be legitimate to be effective. Second, the institutional design of the firms’ service provision programs is an important factor for their effectiveness. We assess these arguments by analyzing multinationals in the South African car industry fighting HIV/AIDS, and international mining firms in South Africa and the Democratic Republic of Congo trying to improve public security. The analysis demonstrates that under conditions of legitimacy and high degrees of institutionalization firm programs effectively contribute to service provision in areas of limited statehood. 相似文献
233.
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235.
Dr. Christian Traulsen 《Natur und Recht》2005,27(10):619-625
Die Umwelthaftungsrichtlinie statuiert eine ?ffentlich-rechtliche Verantwortung für Umweltsch?den, die durch berufliche T?tigkeiten
verursacht werden, und sieht zu diesem Zweck umfassende Informations-, Vermeidungs- und Sanierungspflichten der Betreiber
vor. Der Beitrag untersucht die Gesetzgebungskompetenzen zur Umsetzung der Richtlinie und tritt für eine europafreundliche
Auslegung des Art. 75 Abs. 2 GG und dementsprechend weitreichende Regelungsbefugnis des Bundes ein.
* Der Verf. ist Wiss. Assistent am Lehrstuhl für ?ffentliches Recht und Kirchenrecht der Universit?t Tübingen. 相似文献
236.
237.
238.
The Internet is receiving increasing attention as a medium for technology transfer between public research and the business sector. Technology policy hopes that Internet presentations of research activities at public institutions will facilitate the exploitation of research results, particularly from those institutions not engaged in technology transfer so far. Based on a survey of public research units in natural sciences and engineering in Germany, we analyze the determinants of firm contacts established via the Internet. Special attention is paid to the effect of experiences in firm interaction in the past. Estimation results suggest that Internet contact to firms is more likely to be established by public research units that are already well situated in the transfer market. Research units that orient their homepage design towards the business sector are more likely to build Internet-based contact with firms. However, there is no evidence that public research units that have not been engaged with firms so far, use the Internet more intensively to get into the transfer business. Our results show that the Internet has a certain potential for advancing technology transfer at public research, although this potential is not fully utilized yet, at least in the case of Germany. 相似文献
239.
This study investigates factors that enhance criminal behavior. Typically, explanations for increasing crime rates discuss various familial and community attributes; i.e., single parent households and poverty rates. When crime has increased, these attributes are cited as being responsible. This we believe is an incorrect assumption. In particular, we argue the factors that are cited by these authors merely reflect transformations within the greater economic structure. As a result, the familial and community attributes suggested as causing crime are seen as intervening variables; which are either attentuated or amplified in their ability to control criminal behavior by the condition of the economy itself. Within this study, five urban cities (New York, Detroit, Newark, Boston, and Philadelphia) are observed over a twenty eight year period. Structural change is measured by industrial employment and crime is measured by three indices: burglary, robbery and murder. Our investigation reveals a strong relationship between declining industrial employment and increasing crime rates. In addition, we find that the magnitude of this relationship is subject to variation. This variation is dependent upon whether or not the industrial decline experienced was steady or vacilating between high and low levels. These findings support the contention that familial units and other communal organizations are merely intervening variables between large-scale structural changes and criminal behavior. Moreover, it suggests that unless anti-crime efforts (increasing the size of the police forces, increasing state expenditures for law enforcement, etc.) are accompanied by strategies of industrial reorganization, they will have no impact on reducing crime rates. 相似文献
240.
Christian Holzner 《Juristische Bl?tter》2007,129(9):555-568
Die grundbücherliche Eigentumsvormerkung oder Ranganmerkung für die beabsichtigte Ver?u?erung schlie?t zwar sogenannte Zwischeneintragungen
dritter Erwerber nicht aus, doch sind diese im Falle der Vormerkungsrechtfertigung bzw des Anspruchs im angemerkten Rang grunds?tzlich
l?schbar. Nicht l?schbar war allerdings nach bisheriger Rsp die zwischenzeitige Anmerkung der Einleitung der Zwangsversteigerung,
sofern der Gl?ubiger aus einem ?lteren Pfandrecht Exekution führte. Der 5. Senat nimmt nunmehr aber generell L?schbarkeit
der Versteigerungsanmerkung an, wenn der seit der EO-Novelle 2000 m?gliche bücherliche Hinweis auf die Exekutionsführung aus
einem bestehenden Pfandrecht (§ 137 Abs 1 Satz 3 EO) fehlt. Dieser Beitrag legt zun?chst dar, dass die Vormerkung die Sachenrechtslage
grundlegend anders gestaltet als die Ranganmerkung und dass das auch eine Verschiedenbehandlung zwischenzeitig eingeleiteter
Versteigerungsverfahren erfordert. Der zweite Teil er?rtert grundbuchs- und exekutionsrechtliche Folgefragen dieser differenzierenden
Behandlung und versucht, eine Alternative zur unbedingten L?schung der Versteigerungsanmerkung wegen Fehlens des bücherlichen
Hinweises gem § 137 Abs 1 Satz 3 EO aufzuzeigen. 相似文献