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261.
Mattias Kettner M.D. Frank Ramsthaler M.D. Christian Juhnke Dipl.Ing. Roman Bux M.D. Peter Schmidt M.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2013,58(2):556-558
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an odorless constituent of air. Higher concentrations can be detected in geothermal and automotive emissions, fermentation, and sublimation of dry ice. An unskilled worker entered a fermentation tank to clean it, which had not been done for about 5 months allowing for high concentrations of CO2 to build up. A second worker entered the tank to rescue the first one. Shortly after both were found the first worker was rescued directly whereas the tank had to be rotated to pull the second worker out. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was successful only for the first worker. Medico‐legal autopsy showed bruises, hematoma, myocardial hemorrhage, and edema of the lungs. The right lung was vacuum degassed in an argon atmosphere and quadrupole‐mass‐spectrometry showed an elevated CO2 content in lung gases. Thus, CO2 intoxication/asphyxia in a vitiated atmosphere due to fermentation of wine mash was established as the cause of death. 相似文献
262.
Christian Crowder Ph.D. Christopher W. Rainwater M.S. Jeannette S. Fridie M.A. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2013,58(5):1119-1126
Sharp force trauma research lacks agreement on reported error rates for correctly identifying toolmark characteristics on bone and cartilage. This study provides error rates for determining blade class (serrated, partially serrated, nonserrated) and type of edge bevel (left, right, even). Three analysts examined cuts to a wax medium, cartilage, and bone using two types of microscopes. Additionally, the observers examined impressions taken from the wax medium and the cartilage. Overall, a total of 504 observations were performed. Serrated blades were distinguishable from nonserrated blades due to their patterned striations. Some difficulties were encountered in distinguishing serrated and partially serrated blades; however, when these groups were considered together as one classification type (serrated), classification accuracy improved from 79% to 96%. Classification accuracy for edge bevel was 65%. Error rates were similar when comparing direct observation of the cut marks versus indirect observation (impressions). Additionally, the type of microscope used did not affect error rates. 相似文献
263.
Identification of a Carbonized Body Using Implanted Surgical Plates: The Importance of Computed Tomography 下载免费PDF全文
Vanessa Moreira Andrade D.D.S. Christian Abreu Stibich D.D.S. Paulo Maurício de Santa Martha D.D.S. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2017,62(5):1374-1378
In addition to clinical examination, forensic odontologists can use diagnostic imaging as an auxiliary method for identification. This paper reports a case where forensic odontologists from the Afrânio Peixoto Legal Medicine Institute in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) positively identified a carbonized and partially calcined body using oral and maxillofacial imaging. The cadaver showed several metallic plates fixed with metallic screws on bones of the neurocranium and viscerocranium. Family members provided spiral computed tomography scans of the skull and a panoramic radiograph that were acquired after an accident that required surgical procedures. Comparative analysis between the clinical exam and the maxillofacial images demonstrated complete coincidence, confirming the victim's identity. Dactyloscopy, which is the most commonly used method of identification, was not possible because of the body carbonization. Thus, diagnostic imaging, especially computed tomography, was essential for elucidation of this case. 相似文献
264.
Christian Holz Sivan Kartha Tom Athanasiou 《International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics》2018,18(1):117-134
The problem of fairly distributing the global mitigation effort is particularly important for the 1.5 °C temperature limitation objective, due to its rapidly depleting global carbon budget. Here, we present methodology and results of the first study examining national mitigation pledges presented at the 2015 Paris climate summit, relative to equity benchmarks and 1.5 °C-compliant global mitigation. Uniquely, pertinent ethical choices were made via deliberative processes of civil society organizations, resulting in an agreed range of effort-sharing parameters. Based on this, we quantified each country’s range of fair shares of 1.5 °C-compliant mitigation, using the Climate Equity Reference Project’s allocation framework. Contrasting this with national 2025/2030 mitigation pledges reveals a large global mitigation gap, within which wealthier countries’ mitigation pledges fall far short, while poorer countries’ pledges, collectively, meet their fair share. We also present results for individual countries (e.g. China exceeding; India meeting; EU, USA, Japan, and Brazil falling short). We outline ethical considerations and choices arising when deliberating fair effort sharing and discuss the importance of separating this choice making from the scholarly work of quantitative “equity modelling” itself. Second, we elaborate our approach for quantifying countries’ fair shares of a global mitigation effort, the Climate Equity Reference Framework. Third, we present and discuss the results of this analysis with emphasis on the role of mitigation support. In concluding, we identify twofold obligations for all countries in a justice-centred implementation of 1.5 °C-compliant mitigation: (1) unsupported domestic reductions and (2) engagement in deep international mitigation cooperation, through provision of international financial and other support, or through undertaking additional supported mitigation activities. Consequently, an equitable pathway to 1.5 °C can only be imagined with such large-scale international cooperation and support; otherwise, 1.5 °C-compliant mitigation will remain out of reach, impose undue suffering on the world’s poorest, or both. 相似文献
265.
Christian P. Sales Leo McSweeney Younus Saleem Najat Khalifa 《The journal of forensic psychiatry & psychology》2018,29(3):387-402
In the last decade, telepsychiatry – the use of telecommunications technologies to deliver psychiatric services from a distance – has been increasingly utilised in many areas of mental health care. Since the review by Khalifa and colleagues in 2007 the body of literature relevant to the forensic applications of telepsychiatry has grown substantially, albeit not by much in the United Kingdom. In the current review, we aim to provide an update summary of the literature published since 2007 to determine the effectiveness and feasibility of increasing telepsychiatry utilisation in forensic practice. The literature reviewed provides some encouraging evidence that telepsychiatry is a reliable, effective and highly acceptable method for delivering mental health care in forensic settings. There are also a number of papers that indicate the use of telepsychiatry may be cost effective for health providers in the longer term. Further research is required to consider the potential legal and ethical implications of using telepsychiatry in forensic settings. 相似文献
266.
Christian Holzner 《Juristische Bl?tter》2009,131(1):63-63
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
267.
Christian Holzner 《Juristische Bl?tter》2009,131(12):793-795
Mit Rechtskraft des Versteigerungsedikts wird für das Exekutionsverfahren mit bindender Wirkung und unter Ausschluss des Rechtswegs
über die Zubeh?reigenschaft entschieden. Danach kommt eine Ausscheidung der dort als Zubeh?r festgestellten Sachen durch den
Exekutionsrichter mit der Begründung, es fehle die Zubeh?reigenschaft, nicht mehr in Betracht. Die übergabe der als Zubeh?r
mitversteigerten Sachen (hier: Gew?chsh?user auf fremder Liegenschaft) an den Ersteher ist nach § 349 EO zu vollziehen. Anderes
gilt nur, wenn Dritte diese Zubeh?rsachen im Besitz h?tten: Dann n?mlich h?tte sich das Exekutionsgericht in die Beurteilung
des Umfangs ihrer Rechte nicht einzulassen; dem Ersteher bliebe es überlassen, seine Ansprüche im Rechtsweg durchzusetzen.
Ob der Verpflichtete Eigentümer der Zubeh?rstücke war, verneinendenfalls, ob der Ersteher gutgl?ubig Eigentum an diesen erworben
hat, ist im streitigen Rechtsweg zu kl?ren. 相似文献
268.
Christian Holzner 《Juristische Bl?tter》2009,131(3):144-154
Dass unzumutbarer Entzug von Licht und Luft durch Pflanzen auf fremdem Grund – also eine "negative" Immission – nunmehr nach
§ 364 Abs 3 ABGB untersagt werden kann, veranlasst den 4. Senat des OGH in der E 4 Ob 196/07p, zur Vermeidung von Wertungswidersprüchen
dem Nachbarn auch einen Unterlassungsanspruch gegen unzumutbare Auswirkungen überh?ngender Pflanzen zu gew?hren. Aus der Sicht
des Autors sollte eine derart einschneidende ?nderung der überhangregeln des § 422 ABGB dagegen dem Gesetzgeber vorbehalten
bleiben. Die Entscheidung signalisiert aber, dass die Reform des Nachbarrechts nicht in allen ihren Auswirkungen auf das nachbarrechtliche
Gesamtsystem hinl?nglich durchdacht wurde; zur Harmonisierung k?nnte es weiterer ?nderungen oder aber einer (teilweisen) Rücknahme
der Neuregelung bedürfen. 相似文献
269.
Eva G. T. Green Lotte Thomsen Jim Sidanius Christian Staerklé Polina Potanina 《Social Justice Research》2009,22(4):416-436
Across two studies, we demonstrated that support for group-based hierarchies differentially affects evaluation of ingroup
and outgroup criminal offenders and that this effect generalizes to overall evaluations of their respective groups. Drawing
on social dominance theory, our results show that differential judgments of national ingroup and immigrant outgroup offenders
reflect hierarchy regulating strategies. Study 1 (N = 94) revealed that egalitarians (low on SDO) were more lenient toward outgroup offenders and their ethnic group (Arab immigrants)
when compared to ingroup offenders and their national group (Swiss citizens). The opposite was true for social dominators
(high on SDO). Study 2 (N = 88) replicated the results of Study 1 and further demonstrated that the socio-economic status of the perpetrator did not
affect perpetrator group evaluations suggesting that the arbitrary sets of ethnicity or nationality, not education level and
employment status, were the important cues for hierarchy-regulating judgments of criminal offenders. 相似文献
270.
This article discusses the process of transforming partnership from a conceptual framework into a practical, operational framework for field-level interaction among humanitarian organisations. The authors approach this transformation from the perspective of the core values of the partnership concept and the ability of field workers to behave in ways that are consistent with these core values, illustrated by an empirical study of the relationships between the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and NGOs in a refugee-assistance programme in northern Uganda. The authors connect inter-organisational structures with the role of people charged with making partnership work, concluding that the structures and context in which individuals operate make it impossible for them to ‘act out’ the core values of partnership. By identifying the major challenges to creating field-level, operational partnerships, the authors offer lessons for current and future partnership-building initiatives, such as the Global Humanitarian Platform. 相似文献