论我国民事诉讼再审程序的改革

改革我国民事诉讼再审程序是改革与完善我国民事审判程序系统工程中不可或缺的子系统,本文在揭示我国民事诉讼再审程序的特点与问题的基础上,深入反思我国现行民事诉讼再审程序的价值取向,论述了我国民事诉讼再审程序改革的具体举措。     

民众法律认同初探

本文试图从民众的角度来理解法治,认为民众与法治的关系是法治的根本问题。如果法治是以确立民众在法治中的主体地位,确立民众对法律的真诚的信仰作为最终的目标,那么,在中国的传统和观实的压力下,要实现这一目的,民众的法律认同是一个必经的阶段。本文初步探讨了民众法律认同的概念、特点、意义、内容、方式等等。     

关于中国民事诉讼法学研究对象和方法的研究回顾与展望

民事诉讼法学的研究对象和方法是民事诉讼法学研究的基本问题,也是民事诉讼法学科的基本理论,本文拟从回顾和展望民事诉讼法学的研究对象、研究范围、体系和内容、指导思想和方法等方面的历史角度来看待中国民事诉讼法学的发展进程,以期推动民事诉讼法学研究的深化。     

当事人更换理论浅论

当事人理论是民事诉讼的三大理论基石之一。在当事人制度的诸多问题当中,非正当当事人及其更换理论在诉讼法学理论界是一个颇有争论的问题。本文从介绍非正当当事人及其更换理论入手,分析我国非正当当事人更换理论的现状,并针对这一现状进行分析,重构我国的当事人更换理论。     

论法律概念的特征

法律概念是法律的基本构成要素,没有法律概念,我们就不能正确地理解法律问题。与哲学、政治学等学科相比,我国的法学对法律概念的研究却显得相对薄弱。然而,在司法实践中,要正确运用法律推理,必须首先研究法律概念。本文从研究概念入手,阐明了法律概念的涵义以及法律概念与一般概念的不同点。从立法、司法的角度,分析了法律概念的特征。     

民事调解模式改革初论

长期以来,由于计划经济体制的影响,我们把调解作为法院行使审判权的方式之一,传统调解的种种弊端均基于此。笔者认为,市场经济条件下调解应作为当事人处分权行使的一种方式,并以此为基础、粗略地勾勒出了我国民事调解模式结构的基本框架。     

Changing Forms of Accountability in Education? A Case Study of LEAs in Wales

Political mechanisms of accountability were marginalized by Conservative government reforms during the 1980s and 1990s which sought a more market-oriented approach within the public sector in order to enhance ‘consumerism’. In education, parents were given more choice between schools and were provided with more information on school performance. The promotion of market accountability has involved a reduction in the powers of local education authorities (LEAs) which had been central to the operation of political accountability. However, whilst market-based forms of accountability were firmly enhanced in principle by the legislation, to what extent have the forms of accountability operating within LEAs changed in practice? Interviews with Chief Officers and the Chair of the Education Committee are used to identify changing perceptions and practices of accountability in LEAs in Wales. The findings indicate that although local politicians and officials have been forced to operate within the legislative framework of market accountability, they have sought to impede its successful implementation. The policy community in Wales facilitated the LEAs’ capacity to respond in this way. The market-based reforms conflicted with fundamental values held in Wales, which remain those of professional accountability.     

“I'm Innocent!”: Effects of Training on Judgments of Truth and Deception in the Interrogation Room

The present research examined the extent to which people can distinguish true and false denials made in a criminal interrogation, and tested the hypothesis that training in the use of verbal and nonverbal cues increases the accuracy of these judgments. In Phase One, 16 participants committed one of four mock crimes (breaking and entering, vandalism, shoplifting, a computer break-in) or a related but innocent act. Given incentives to deny involvement rather than confess, these suspects were then interrogated. In Phase Two, 40 observers were either trained in the analysis of verbal and nonverbal deception cues or not trained before viewing the videotaped interrogations and making their judgments. As in past studies conducted in nonforensic settings, observers were generally unable to distinguish between truthful and deceptive suspects. In addition, those who underwent training were less accurate than naive controls—though they were more confident and cited more reasons for their judgments. The implications of these findings are discussed in light of what is known about police interrogations, false confessions, and the wrongful conviction of innocent suspects.     

论WTO法下的中国法制变化

中国入世后在WTO法的约束下,较快地完成了将WTO法转化为大量国内法的艰巨任务。中国入世所引起的国内法制的直接变化和法治观念的间接变化,不亚于30多年前中国法制的重建。WTO法所包括的协定尚无具有国际法效力的中文本,对于国内实施带来诸多困难,但是,中国依然通过对应式、归纳式和分散式三种国内立法转化WTO法而履行了实施义务,并由此促进了中国法制透明度的增强与法治观念的变化。诚然,就国际法与国内法的关系而言,为了进一步适应WTO法,中国《宪法》的缔约规定亟待修改,WTO法在国内的司法解释应予进一步规范,立法解释与司法解释的关系应予理顺。     

司法成本与司法效率——中国法院的财政保障与法官激励

我国司法改革进程中,法院的财政保障构成了司法成本的主要问题。从长远的观点看应建立中央统一的司法财政与决算制度。此外,为了有效遏制司法腐败和从根本上提高司法公信力,通过渐进和配套的制度改革,将法官从一般公务员系列里独立出来并给予相对高的报酬仍应作为司法改革的一个努力方向。