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111.
It is understood that corruption can change the incentives to engage in political violence. However, the scope for corruption to change attitudes toward the permissibility of violence has received less attention. Drawing on Moral Foundations Theory, we argue that experiences of corruption in the social environment are likely to shape individual attitudes toward violent behavior. Using Afrobarometer data, we document a statistically significant and sizable relationship between an individual's experience of paying bribes and their attitudes to political, interpersonal, and domestic violence. These relationships are evident, and not significantly different, for men and women and are robust to the inclusion of variables capturing the local incidence of corruption, local norms regarding violence, and a proxy for the local incidence of violence with the community. Corruption is associated with permissive attitudes to violence even after controlling for the perceived legitimacy of the police and courts. 相似文献
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Netherlands International Law Review - 相似文献
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This paper discusses the implications of the recent adoption of interactive forms of governance in Dutch urban policy. Advocates of this new approach claim that interactive governance will have positive effects for (1) the quality of urban democracy and urban governability and (2) for the solution of the information problems inherent in coping with (wicked) urban problems. On the basis of an extensive evaluation of the implementation of the new policies in four of the 25 Dutch municipalities involved, these claims are critically assessed. 相似文献
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Johan C. Van Bruggen Jacob P. Scheele Don F. Westerheijden 《European Journal for Education Law and Policy》1998,2(2):155-163
The authors report on West European trends in follow-up arrangements of national quality assurance procedures. They argue
that external quality assurance ought to adopt a broader conception of quality than is now often the case. Next, the general
public ought to have a guarantee that external quality assurance is valid (through meta-evaluation) and has consequences (through
follow-up arrangements). Follow-up currently is not well developed in many European countries in a formal sense, but is receiving
more attention as external quality assurance is maturing. Finally, the authors link national quality assurance to the European
dimension; an international network could fulfil important functions in making quality assurance transparent and credible
across Europe.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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The article outlines a simple thesis: that international investmentarbitration pursuant to regional and bilateral investmenttreaties offers the clearest example of global administrativelaw, strictly construed, yet to have emerged. We present thisthesis by explicating four key features of investment treaties:they permit investor claims against the state without exhaustinglocal remedies; they allow claims for damages; they allow investorsto directly seek enforcement of awards before domestic courts;and they facilitate forum-shopping. Our argument is that, owingto this unique conjunction of features, the regulatory conductof states is, to an unusual extent, subject to control throughcompulsory international adjudication. Having highlighted thesefeatures, we then claim that investment arbitration is bestanalogized to domestic administrative law rather than to internationalcommercial arbitration, especially since investment arbitrationengages disputes arising from the exercise of public authorityby the state as opposed to private acts of the state. Further,we claim that the linkages between investment arbitration anddomestic legal systems are more direct and more closely integratedthan other forms of international adjudication in the publicsphere. For these reasons, we argue that the emerging regimeof investment arbitration is to be understood as constitutingan important and powerful manifestation of global administrativelaw. 相似文献
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