社会组织管理体制:内在逻辑与发展趋势

本文认为:改革开放以来,与我国社会组织的蓬勃发展相适应,我国社会组织的管理体制经历并正在经历着重大的制度创新。这个主要表现为强制性制度变迁的历史过程,背后存在三种不同的战略思路,一为发展型战略,二为控制型战略,三为规范型战略。三大战略形成了三种不同的力量,彼此互动和博弈,推进着整个社会组织管理体制的发展演进,随着法治国家的建设和社会管理创新的实践,这三种力量既相互促进又相互消融,共同推动着我国社会组织管理体制朝着有利于社会组织积极作用发挥、有利于整个社会和谐的方向发展。     

基于目标模式的政府采购治理工具运用

政府采购制度现存的诸多突出问题,已经影响了政府采购的高效运行及其宏观调控作用的发挥,特别是政府采购领域中存在的各种寻租行为,更是在很大程度上影响了社会公众对政府采购的信任度,降低了政府的形象,因此迫切需要对政府采购进行认真治理。为此,需要认真分析环境变化对政府采购治理目标模式的影响,并选择现代治理工具,对政府采购进行有效地治理。本文深入分析了现阶段我国政府采购治理的宏观环境,明确适合我国国情的政府采购治理目标模式,并对政府采购治理的三大工具及其运用进行了初步探索。     

A hidden cost of war: the impact of mobilizing reserve troops on emergency response times

This paper analyzes a hidden cost of war: the effect of the mass mobilization of reserve troops on the response times of domestic emergency services to accidents. We provide a statistical examination of this linkage following the US invasion of Iraq in 2003 and find that mobilization significantly increases response times to accidents in the United States. These mobilization-related costs are exacerbated by both legal restrictions and issues of replacing highly specialized human capital.     

Placing Racial Stereotypes in Context: Social Desirability and the Politics of Racial Hostility

Past research indicates that diversity at the level of larger geographic units (e.g., counties) is linked to white racial hostility. However, research has not addressed whether diverse local contexts may strengthen or weaken the relationship between racial stereotypes and policy attitudes. In a statewide opinion survey, we find that black‐white racial diversity at the zip‐code level strengthens the connection between racial stereotypes and race‐related policy attitudes among whites. Moreover, this effect is most pronounced among low self‐monitors, individuals who are relatively immune to the effects of egalitarian social norms likely to develop within a racially diverse local area. We find that this racializing effect is most evident for stereotypes (e.g., African Americans are “violent”) that are “relevant” to a given policy (e.g., capital punishment). Our findings lend nuance to research on the political effects of racial attitudes and confirm the racializing political effects of diverse residential settings on white Americans.     

Structural Topic Models for Open‐Ended Survey Responses

Collection and especially analysis of open‐ended survey responses are relatively rare in the discipline and when conducted are almost exclusively done through human coding. We present an alternative, semiautomated approach, the structural topic model (STM) (Roberts, Stewart, and Airoldi 2013; Roberts et al. 2013), that draws on recent developments in machine learning based analysis of textual data. A crucial contribution of the method is that it incorporates information about the document, such as the author's gender, political affiliation, and treatment assignment (if an experimental study). This article focuses on how the STM is helpful for survey researchers and experimentalists. The STM makes analyzing open‐ended responses easier, more revealing, and capable of being used to estimate treatment effects. We illustrate these innovations with analysis of text from surveys and experiments.     

Classification Systems for Stalking Behavior

Stalking is a complex behavioral phenomenon that is unique in that it necessarily involves a prolonged dyadic relationship between both a perpetrator and a victim. Since criminalization of stalking behavior in the 1990s, different conceptual typologies have attempted to classify this behavior to assess risk and aid in management decisions. The authors reviewed the current literature regarding the most recent and accepted stalking classification systems. The three predominant stalker typologies currently in use include Zona's stalker–victim types, Mullen's stalker typology, and the RECON stalker typology. Of these, the RECON classification system alone was developed in an attempt to separate stalkers into groups based on previously known risk factors for behaviorally based phenomenon such as propensity for violence. Understanding and simplifying these classification systems may enhance the potential that new research will lead to evidence‐based management and treatment strategies in the stalking situation.     

基于收入差别的农村公共服务需求偏好与满意度研究

本文以收入差别为逻辑起点,对当前我国农村公共服务需求偏好进行研究发现:现阶段我国农村养老、子女教育和医疗保障服务的需求愿望较为强烈,且生活类公共服务需求愿望强于生产类公共服务需求;随着收入的增加,保障型公共服务需求递减,发展型公共服务需求递增;在农村公共服务满意度方面,高收入群体对公共服务的满意度总体上高于低收入群体。这一研究发现蕴涵三方面的公共政策取向:一是当前完善农村公共服务体系的重点是公众需求强烈的子女教育、医疗保障、养老等基本民生领域;二是在对农村公共服务供给结构组合中,优先保证公众生活类公共服务需求,同时尽力满足公众发展型公共服务需求;三是在农村公共服务供给项目选择上,优先保证低收入群体的公共服务需求。     

全民健康保险与公立医院的公益性:加拿大经验对中国新医改的启示

在很多中国人的心目中,只有政府增加补贴,公立医院才能保持公益性。这一理念具有误导性。加拿大的经验启示我们,推进全民健康保险,提高医保的支付水平,让医保支付成为医疗机构收入的主要来源,才是医疗事业实现公益性的可行之路。对于医疗机构提升服务能力所需的资本投入,政府有责任给予补贴;但公共资源毕竟有限,鼓励社会资本进入医疗服务领域,促进多元化办医,也是值得追求的公共政策目标。     

资讯时代背景下的政府与媒体关系

资讯时代是一个通讯传播技术高度发展,传统媒体获得极大提升,新媒体不断涌现,新旧媒体联合互动,资讯开始全面进入人们的工作与生活,日益深刻地影响并改变着人类生产方式、生活方式与管理方式的新时代。资讯时代的我国公共行政需要走出与媒体传统关系的误区,解放思想,更新观念,深刻地认识与媒体关系的本质,主动接受媒体监督,开展行政传播,构建和谐互动的媒体关系。