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371.
David J. Harding Jessica J. B. Wyse Cheyney Dobson Jeffrey D. Morenoff 《Journal of policy analysis and management》2014,33(2):440-470
Former prisoners are at high risk of economic insecurity due to the challenges they face in finding employment and to the difficulties of securing and maintaining public assistance while incarcerated. This study examines the processes through which former prisoners attain economic security, examining how they meet basic material needs and achieve upward mobility over time. It draws on unique qualitative data from in‐depth, unstructured interviews with a sample of former prisoners followed over a two‐ to three‐year period to assess how subjects draw upon a combination of employment, social supports, and public benefits to make ends meet. Findings reveal considerable struggle among our subjects to meet even minimal needs for shelter and food, although economic security and stability could be attained when employment or public benefits were coupled with familial social support. Sustained economic security was rarely achieved absent either strong social support or access to long‐term public benefits. However, a select few were able to leverage material support and social networks into trajectories of upward mobility and economic independence. Policy implications are discussed. 相似文献
372.
373.
Christopher Berry 《American journal of political science》2008,52(4):802-820
This article discusses the common‐pool problems that arise when multiple territorially overlapping governments share the authority to provide services and levy taxes in a common geographic area. Contrary to the traditional Tiebout model in which increasing the number of competing governments improves efficiency, I argue that increasing the number of overlapping governments results in “overfishing” from the shared tax base. I test the model empirically using data from U.S. counties and find a strong positive relationship between the number of overlapping jurisdictions and the size of the local public sector. Substantively, the “overlap effect” amounts to roughly 10% of local revenue. 相似文献
374.
Christopher S. Decker 《Regulation & Governance》2007,1(4):312-328
This paper considers the level of, and changes in, optimal noncompliance penalties under the following conditions: (i) where the regulator responsible for setting policy parameters, such as a penalty, is different from (and thus may have a different objective from) the regulator responsible for enforcing existing regulations; and (ii) where enforcement behavior changes from one in which enforcers are unresponsive to overtures on the part of firms to increase compliance to one in which enforcers are responsive to such overtures. The model developed shows that when enforcers “switch” from unresponsive to responsive enforcement, the optimal penalties for noncompliance need to be reduced. The analysis also gives insights as to what variables dictate the degree of penalty reduction. 相似文献
375.
Christopher B. Mann 《Political Behavior》2010,32(3):387-407
Using social pressure to mobilize voters has generated impressive increases in turnout (Gerber et al. Am Polit Sci Rev 102:33–48,
2008). However, voters may have negative reactions to social pressure treatments that reduce their effectiveness. Social psychologists
have observed this ‘reactance’ to persuasive pressure about other behavior, but it has been overlooked in voter mobilization.
Using a large-scale field experiment, we find treatments designed to reduce reactance are just as effective as heavy-handed
social pressure treatments in mobilizing voters. The success of gentler social pressure treatments should make the use of
social pressure more palatable to voter mobilization organizations. 相似文献
376.
This paper tests the effects of minority partner representation on minority associate representation in a sample of 97 law firms from 1980 to 1990. We perform separate analyses for women, African Americans, Hispanics, and Asian Americans, and we consider both within-group and cross-group effects. We find that minority partner representation has a positive effect on minority associate representation, which is statistically significant in the case of women and Asian Americans. Our findings are consistent with lawyers'own accounts, which emphasize the impact of partner composition on the distribution of rewards within law firms. We also show how our findings clarify previous studies about the effects of minority representation on the distribution of organizational rewards, focusing particularly on Kanter's work and subsequent related research. 相似文献
377.
Christopher A. Badurek 《Development in Practice》2009,19(2):248-258
The development of a cadastral system for the Republic of Guatemala was one of the priorities of the 1997 Peace Accord which ended 30 years of civil war. In response to uncertainty about land ownership and land titles, the development of a national cadastre, the equitable distribution of land, and transparent records of land tenancy are viewed as key to maintaining peace in Guatemala. This article addresses the most significant barriers to developing a National Land Information System to support cadastral reform. Interviews with government agencies indicate that, although technical improvements can be readily implemented, social problems and governance factors seriously hinder the completion of the cadastral process. These findings are discussed in the light of international aid and development policy. 相似文献
378.
Christopher R. Williams 《Critical Criminology》2008,16(3):185-196
Behavioral scientists are regularly summoned by the legal system to make predictions about the likelihood of future dangerous
behavior (i.e., violence prediction/risk assessment). In recent years, such efforts have been subjected to considerable scrutiny
as, despite the evolution of risk assessment instruments, social scientists have yet to demonstrate the ability to predict
violence with a reasonable degree of accuracy. Yet concerns with predictive efficacy may be rooted in the limitations of prediction
itself. Nonlinear dynamical systems theory (i.e., chaos theory) and quantum physics jointly paint a picture of human behavior
as fundamentally unpredictable; in their light, we are asked to question whether future violence can ever be predicted with
a tolerable level of error. In this article, I provisionally explore this very issue, particularly as it appears in the context
of decisions concerning the disposition of criminal sexual offenders. 相似文献
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380.