略论外国历史上的耻辱刑

耻辱刑在外国历史上的刑法中也占有一席之地。外国古代的耻辱刑可以分为具有独立性质的耻辱刑和具有附属性质的耻辱刑。外国近现代的刑法中仍然存在耻辱刑。     

邓小平与民休养生息思想与中国的农村改革

20世纪80年代如火如荼的中国改革是从农村开始的.农村、农业和农民问题是中国革命和建设的根本问题.繁荣农村、发展农业、富裕农民,是中国共产党农村政策的根本出发点.为此,冲破各种错误思想的束缚,放宽农村政策,与民休养生息,对于调动广大农民的生产积极性至关重要.改革开放过程中,农村实行的一系列改革,正是从纠正对农村、农业和农民问题的片面认识,放宽农业政策,给农村放权,给农民松绑开始的,从而极大地激发了农民的生产积极性和劳动创造力.     

NETWORK REGULATION: THE MANY FACES OF ACCESS

Telecommunications regulation has experienced a fundamentalshift from rate regulation to increased reliance on compelledaccess, perhaps best exemplified by the Telecommunications Actof 1996's imposition of no fewer than four new access requirements.Unfortunately, each access requirement is governed by a separateset of rules for determining both the scope and the price ofaccess. The resulting ad hoc regime has created difficult definitionalproblems and opportunities for regulatory arbitrage. In thisarticle we propose a system inspired by the discipline of mathematicsknown as graph theory that integrates all of the different formsof access into a single analytical framework. This system separatesdifferent access regimes into five categories: (1) retail access,(2) wholesale access, (3) interconnection access, (4) platformaccess, and (5) unbundled access. It also provides insightsinto how each type of access complicates the already difficultproblems of network configuration and management and introducesinefficient biases into decisions about network capacity anddesign. The approach we propose also provides insights intothe transaction cost implications of the different types ofaccess. Drawing on the Coasean theory of the firm, our approachexamines the tradeoffs between internal governance costs andthe external transaction costs of providing access to offera theory of network boundaries. This framework shows how accessregulation distorts networks' natural boundaries and providesa basis for evaluating whether private ordering through marketswould lead to more efficient network design.     

爆炸冲击波作用下液体抛撒二次破碎的实验研究

本文采用高速摄影的方法拍摄了不同实验条件下液体抛撒的实验图片，实验结果表明：爆炸冲击波作用下液体颗粒产生二次破碎需一定的条件，不同的因素如液体密度、装盛液体量、装药量、表面张力等对液体抛撒二次破碎都产生显著影响。     

论警察的心理压力及其缓解

联合国国际劳工组织发表的一份调查报告认为，“心理压抑将成为21世纪最严重的健康问题之一”。警察，作为高风险、高负荷、高强度的“三高”人群，其心理压力首当其冲。据调查，在所有应急性职业中，警察的心理压力指数高于常人几十倍。在和平年代，警察是我们社会生活中唯一有权合法行使暴力的群体。就群体而言，心理压力对公民、对社会、对国家都意味着一种潜在的危机；就个体而言，心理压力不仅影响公安队伍的整体战斗力，而且极易引发一系列不良反应，如焦虑、忧郁、失落、恐惧，甚至逆反、施暴、自伤、自杀等。因此，正视警察的心理压力问题，分析其影响因素，寻找其缓解途径，具有十分重要的现实意义。     

公民社会：民主执政的社会基础

党的十六届四中全会提出要把我党建设成为科学执政、民主执政、依法执政的执政党,而民主执政是需要有社会基础的。民主执政的社会基础是公民社会,它为民主执政提供了社会心理基础、社会结构基础和社会规范基础。我们党在推行民主执政的过程中,必须在加强执政党自身能力建设的同时,通过公民教育和民主实践提高公民能力,建立社会认同,发展民间组织,构建现代化社会结构和制度规范,促进公民社会的成熟。     

中国城市化：特征识别、现实挑战及公共政策取向

城市化的典型特征表现为工业化带动、市场主导和特定历史条件下的外部影响。特殊的国情使得中国城市化进程不同于其他国家,表现为开放性、经济转型和资源耗散三大特征。当前中国城市化的关键在于实现城市经济的集聚效应,培育城市的创新能力,引导城市和郊区统筹发展、加强城市成长管理。     

The state action doctrine and the Local Government Antitrust Act: the restructured public hospital model

This Article analyzes the development and complexities of the antitrust state action doctrine and the Local Government Antitrust Act as these doctrines apply to both "municipalities" and private entities. The restructuring of a public hospital is used as a model to facilitate the antitrust analysis. The restructuring model, which typically involves the leasing of a hospital facility by a public entity to a private nonprofit corporation, offers the unique opportunity to compare the different standards employed under the state action doctrine and the Local Government Antitrust Act. As a practical matter, the Article provides a framework for a public hospital to evaluate the impact of corporate restructuring on its antitrust liability exposure and to develop strategies to minimize antitrust risks.