我国刑事被害人诉讼权利保护制度的完善

随着诉讼制度的发展,刑事被害人的诉讼地位经历了一个由高到低再逐渐提高的过程。我国修改后的刑事诉讼法提升了被害人的法律地位,并一定程度上强化了其诉讼权利,但在保护被害人诉讼权利方面仍存在着一些不足,应当采取相应的措施加以完善。     

RATE OF OFFENDING IN JUVENILE CAREERS: FINDINGS OF CONSTANCY AND CHANGE IN LAMBDA *

This study examines changes in the rate of offending in a sample of 8,834 males whose official juvenile law-violating careers included 26,650 offense episodes between ages 8 and 17 The rate of offending of active offenders (i.e., lambda) varied substantially as a function of age, increasing monotonically with age. Lambda, however, was not related to the age at first offense. In fact, the average lambda was amazingly constant at each individual age level regardless of the age at which offending began or desisted. Results are discussed in the light of age-crime curves known from other data sets and from the perspective of developmental changes in the rate of offending as youths grow older.     

Having the cake and eating it too: efficient penalty clauses in Common and Civil contract law

In this paper we examine one of the areas where there is a marked difference between Civil and Common contract law, that of the enforcement of liquidated damages and more particularly of penalty clauses. Common law judges are quite reluctant to enforce liquidated damages, especially if they believe that they include penalty clauses which are not enforceable. On the contrary, in almost all European contract laws liquidated damages are readily enforced, as are penalty clauses when they are not manifestly excessive. Although most law and economics scholars have criticized Common law courts for the non-enforcement of penalty clauses, there is a sizable minority of scholars who have defended the Common law “non-enforcement” policy on the ground that penalty clauses are inefficient because they hinder efficient breach. However, and despite the merits of the arguments advanced by advocates of the non-enforcement of penalty clauses, we believe that Common law’s rejection of penalty clauses is inefficient. We further show that the Civil law solution to the problem is not only comparatively more efficient, but that it can also appease the worries of those scholars who are afraid that efficient breaches will be deterred. The solution that Civil law systems give to the problem manages to enforce the parties’ wishes and to avoid deterring efficient breaches. However, we point out that in order for the Civil law systems to take advantage of this superiority, the interpretation of their Civil Codes should be guided by economic analysis and the respect to the wishes of the contracting parties.     

我国公务员伦理人格塑造的途径选择

从伦理学意义上讲,公务员精神就是一个公务员的伦理人格的问题。文章探讨了公务员伦理人格的内涵,列举了当前我国公务员伦理人格方面存在的问题,并分析了这些问题存在原因,最后提出了塑造我国公务员伦理人格的途径和方法。     

防范中的合作--俄罗斯关于中国和平崛起的心理图解

俄罗斯对华关系在快速平稳推进的过程中也出现了“中国威胁”与“中国崩溃”的不和谐之音。俄罗斯对于中国的崛起表现出二律背反的复杂心态,既借重又怀疑,既合作又防范,呈现出在防范中合作的特点。尽管这种杂音在两国关系的进程中若隐若现,甚至在某一事件上、某一阶段中突然放大,但是中俄两国政府、两国人民始终将中俄战略协作置于各自外交的重要地位。在两国关系的实践中,互信互利的战略合作始终居于不可动摇的主导地位。中俄关系整体上合作大于防范,信任大于猜疑。     

我国构建政府律师制度需要破解的若干问题

政府律师制度是一项新型的法律制度,是国家法律制度的组成部分。建立具有中国特色的政府律师制度,不仅是完善我国律师制度体系的内在要求,也是依法行政,依法治国,建设社会主义法治国家的必然要求。在我国建立政府律师制度不仅必要,而且可行。但是,作为一种政府制度创新举措和司法改革的产物,建立和完善政府律师制度,必然面临许多亟待解决的理论和实际问题。事实上,围绕着构建政府律师制度,不仅存在着诸多理论上的分歧,在实践中也遇到一些困惑。破解这些理论和实务中的问题,是我们研究和构建政府律师制度的基础和前提。一、理论问题我国从二…     

列宁对巩固共产党执政地位的思考

列宁对巩固共产党执政地位的思考集中于以下几点:“根据经验来谈论社会主义”,不断深化对社会主义的认识,这是巩固共产党执政地位的首要前提;“以经济建设中的实际成绩来检查一切”,始终把经济建设摆在十分重要的位置,这是巩固共产党执政地位的坚实基础;“堡垒是最容易从内部攻破的”,要高度重视执政党的自身建设,这是巩固共产党执政地位的根本保证;“把自己的生存同资本主义的关系联系起来”,积极推行和平外交政策,这是巩固共产党执政地位的重要环节。