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81.
Die jüngere Forschung zum sozialen Handeln von Muslimen in westeuropäischen Einwanderungsländern hebt häufig die reflexive Individualisierung von Lebensformen und religiösen Gesinnungen vor allem junger Muslime hervor. Der folgende Beitrag hinterfragt die diesem Ansatz zugrunde liegende Annahme eines Wertekanons ziviler europäischer Gesellschaften und Öffentlichkeiten, in die sich in Europa sozialisierte junge Muslime vermeintlich einfügen und muslimische Identitäten ?europäisch“ rekonstruieren. Dieser Transformationsprozess wird in diesen Theorien sowohl im Hinblick auf die familiale Lebenswelt wie im Hinblick auf die öffentliche Sphäre, in denen Muslime agieren, unterschätzt. Im Rückgriff auf Ansätze der historisch-vergleichenden Soziologie und der Religionsanthropologie erarbeitet der Aufsatz zunächst einen Begriff von ?Tradition“, der die Konstituierung, Verwaltung und Transformation von religiösen Diskursen, Praxen und Subjekten diachronisch und transgenerationell erklärt und der Gleichzeitigkeit von sozialer Einbettung und diskursiver Autonomie von Tradition Rechnung trägt. Wir zeigen, dass die sozialen Praktiken von Muslimen in Europa eine Transformation erfahren, die ihre besondere Grundlage im muslimischen Reformdiskurs im kolonialen und postkolonialen Kontext mehrerer Zentren der islamischen Welt hat. Der Fall junger Kopftuch tragender Musliminnen in Deutschland und Frankreich, die der zweiten und dritten Migrantengeneration angehören, zeigt schließlich weder eine selbst-reflexive Identitätssuche noch das ?coming out“ der Heldinnen einer nicht-westlichen Modernität, sondern ein praxisorientiertes und wissensgestütztes Räsonieren der jungen Frauen über die Wiedereinbettung des Traditionsdiskurses in die sozialen Felder (Familie, Studium, Arbeit und islamische Vereine), in denen sie operieren. Ihr Streben, das von der Traditionsdynamik der Kohärenzsuche geleitet wird, konfiguriert eine ?Alltagspolitik“, in der die Frauen ihre islamisch inspirierten Lebensprojekte gleichzeitig von moralisch erstarrten familiären ?Lebenswelten“ und von normativ erstarrten politischen Öffentlichkeiten abkoppeln und kultivieren. 相似文献
82.
Church attendance,meaningfulness of religion,and depressive symptomatology among adolescents 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Loyd S. Wright Christopher J. Frost Stephen J. Wisecarver 《Journal of youth and adolescence》1993,22(5):559-568
Self-administered questionnaires were completed by 451 adolescents at a public high school in Texas during the spring semester 1989. The instrument used contained the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and items to determine participants' gender, frequency of church attendance, and meaningfulness of one's religion. Based on social support research and the writings of Carl Jung and Viktor Frankl, it was predicted that those who attended church frequently and those who viewed their religions as providing meaning for their lives would have lower BDI scores than their classmates. The findings supported these predictions. Implications and a discussion of the results are included.Received Ed.D. in educational psychology from University of Illinois. Main research interests are substance abuse in adolescents, drug use prevention strategies, and suicidal ideation in adolescents.Received Ph.D. in general psychology from Boston University. Main research interest is psychology in interdisciplinary perspective, with a specialization in the psychology of religion.Pursuing a M.Ed, in school psychology at Southwest Texas State University. Main research interests are psychological testing and assessment. 相似文献
83.
Modeling Duration Dependence 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
As applications of duration analysis have burgeoned in politicalscience, scholars have become increasingly aware of the potentialsubstantive importance of duration dependence: the extent towhich the conditional hazards of the events of interest arerising or falling over time. Here I discuss the issue of durationdependence, focusing on the distinction between "spurious" dependencedue to unobserved heterogeneity and "true" duration dependencedue to state dependence in the process of interest. I presenta simple extension of a commonly used parametric duration modeltheWeibull modelwhich allows researchers to assess the influenceof causal variables on the nature and extent of duration dependencein their data. I then illustrate the application of this "generalizedWeibull" model using data on the duration of international alliances. 相似文献
84.
This article examines the relationship between conservative Protestant doctrine and economic policy attitudes. Building upon Weber's (1930) classic (and controversial) thesis that Calvinist thought inspired the capitalist spirit, we posit that the individualistic theology of fundamentalists, evangelicals, and charismatics often engenders political preferences for individualistic economic policies. We test this hypothesis by (1) performing a series of cross-sectional ordered probit analyses to understand the independent degree of association between doctrinal belief and economic attitudes toward taxing, spending, and the role of government, (2) creating and testing a structural equation model to assess various hypothesized paths of influence, and finally, (3) using 1994–96 NES panel data to assess the degree to which changes in an individual's doctrinal beliefs produce changes in his or her economic attitudes. Results lend substantial support to the efficacy of Weber's thesis, and point to religious belief as one exogenous agent of core political values. 相似文献
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88.
Christopher Kinsey 《冲突、安全与发展》2005,5(3):269-293
Since the end of the Cold War, there has been a marked increase in the sale of military services by private security companies (PSCs).1 These companies sell anything from combat support for government military operations to military training and assistance, logistical support and more conventional security protection services. They have undertaken operations in countries as diverse as Sierra Leone, Croatia, and Columbia and now Iraq and Afghanistan. The presence of these companies on the international stage raises fundamental questions about the way war is now being fought. Unfortunately, the legal issues raised by their presence in conflicts have not yet been properly addressed. This article sets out to examine the suitability of international law in defining and controlling the activities of PSCs on the battlefield. It then goes on to discuss the problems associated with national regulation. Here the focus is on the attempts by the United States (US), South Africa, and United Kingdom (UK) governments to introduce effective legislation to control the industry. 相似文献
89.
Animal-derived trace evidence is a common finding at crime scenes and may provide an important link between victim(s) and suspect(s). A database of 558 dogs of pure and mixed breeds is described and analyzed with two PCR multiplexes of 17 microsatellites. Summary statistics (number of alleles, expected and observed heterozygosity and power of exclusion) are compared between breeds. Marked population substructure in dog breeds indicates significant inbreeding, and the use of a conservative theta value is recommended in likelihood calculations for determining the significance of a DNA match. Evidence is presented that the informativeness of the canine microsatellites, despite inbreeding, is comparable to the human CODIS loci. Two cases utilizing canine DNA typing, State of Washington v. Kenneth Leuluaialii and George Tuilefano and Crown v. Daniel McGowan, illustrate the potential of canine microsatellite markers for forensic investigations. 相似文献
90.
Latkoczy C Becker S Dücking M Günther D Hoogewerff JA Almirall JR Buscaglia J Dobney A Koons RD Montero S van der Peijl GJ Stoecklein WR Trejos T Watling JR Zdanowicz VS 《Journal of forensic sciences》2005,50(6):1327-1341
Forensic analysis of glass samples was performed in different laboratories within the NITE-CRIME (Natural Isotopes and Trace Elements in Criminalistics and Environmental Forensics) European Network, using a variety of Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) systems. The main objective of the interlaboratory tests was to cross-validate the different combinations of laser ablation systems with different ICP-MS instruments. A first study using widely available samples, such as the NIST SRM 610 and NIST SRM 612 reference glasses, led to deviations in the determined concentrations for trace elements amongst the laboratories up to 60%. Extensive discussion among the laboratories and the production of new glass reference standards (FGS 1 and FGS 2) established an improved analytical protocol, which was tested on a well-characterized float glass sample (FG 10-1 from the BKA Wiesbaden collection). Subsequently, interlaboratory tests produced improved results for nearly all elements with a deviation of < 10%, demonstrating that LA-ICP-MS can deliver absolute quantitative measurements on major, minor and trace elements in float glass samples for forensic and other purposes. 相似文献