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911.
The use of actuarial risk/need assessment tools is an increasingly important part of the correctional landscape. Actuarial tools ideally will provide a valid, dynamic assessment of an offender's overall risk/need level, and will identify their most prevalent criminogenic needs. What results is typically a number or score that can be used to assign an offender to a risk level that is associated with an assumed likelihood of recidivism. Testing the predictive validity of actuarial risk/need assessment tools is of paramount concern, particularly when they are utilized with new (and under-researched) populations. The current study assessed the predictive validity of the Level of Service Inventory-Revised using a sample of Native American and White offenders in a northern midwestern state. Results showed the instrument to have modest predictive validity utilizing the entire sample of offenders, with varying results for subsequent subgroups. 相似文献
912.
Jillian Panuzio Casey T. Taft Danielle A. Black Karestan C. Koenen Christopher M. Murphy 《Journal of family violence》2007,22(4):177-185
This study examined associations among male-to-female physical and psychological relationship aggression, female partners’
PTSD symptoms, and behavior problems among the children (n = 62) of men enrolled in a treatment program for relationship abuse perpetration. Psychological aggression was a stronger
predictor of child behavior problems than physical assault. Restrictive engulfment and hostile withdrawal behaviors evidenced
the strongest bivariate associations with child behavior problems, and were the strongest predictors of this outcome when
considering four distinct forms of psychological aggression together. Victim PTSD symptoms largely mediated the effects of
psychological aggression on child behavior. Findings suggest that male-to-female psychological aggression and victim PTSD
symptoms play an important role in understanding behavior problems among children living with male relationship abuse perpetrators.
Portions of this work were presented at the annual convention of the Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy,
New Orleans, Louisiana, November, 2004. 相似文献
913.
Christopher Grandy 《Public administration review》2009,69(6):1115-1123
The New Public Management movement was only the latest demand that public organizations promote efficiency by adopting business methods. There again followed reactions from those arguing that other values, such as equity, citizen participation, and democracy, are as important as efficiency. This article suggests that an economic rather than business perspective on efficiency may usefully contribute to the scholarly conversation. It also suggests that it is "efficient" to identify the public values in play within any given situation. 相似文献
914.
915.
Christopher J. Berry 《Political studies》2006,54(4):827-845
The article is an exercise in the philosophical anthropology of politics. According to Aristotle, man is a political animal but not uniquely so, whereas, according to Hobbes, politics is artificial and the preserve of humans alone. Both Aristotle and Hobbes draw upon contemporary science. The dominant relevant science today is neo-Darwinism – humans are products of evolution and genetically closely related to the other primates. The argument that chimpanzees are political, thus putatively endorsing an Aristotelian rather than a Hobbesian perspective, is scrutinised. However, at best, chimpanzees are only metaphorically political. While this conclusion may weaken the Aristotelian position, it cannot of itself vindicate the Hobbesian one. The philosophical anthropological endeavour to investigate the relation between politics and human nature still has work to do. 相似文献
916.
917.
Detaining and incarcerating juvenile delinquents is ineffective and costly juvenile justice policy. These placements, indicative of the “tough on crime” approach, become problematic for many of these youths who do not have the advantage of legal counsel because they waive this right. In addition, a majority of these youths have a mental health or special education disability that does not get addressed in correctional facilities. Alternatives for Youth's Advocacy Program (AFY) in Cleveland, Ohio (Cuyahoga County) is addressing these issues using a holistic approach that includes the provision of civil legal representation to assist youths in accessing disability services and defense attorney support in dispositional planning to reduce juvenile offender placements. This article reports the results of an experimental design pilot study evaluation of AFY that randomly referred and evaluated 82 felony‐offending youths over 21 months. This initial review of the AFY program found it reduced detention center placement days by 47% and decreased state facility incarceration days by 74% (total cost savings $625,898). With 3,000 youths detained in the Cuyahoga County, Ohio, Detention Center and 1,800 incarcerated in Ohio state facilities annually, policy implications and recommendations are set forth. 相似文献
918.
919.
Toby L. Schonfeld N. Jean Amoura Christopher J. Kratochvil 《The Journal of law, medicine & ethics》2009,37(1):104-117
The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), in collaboration with pharmaceutical manufacturers, have recently implemented a heavily revised risk-management program for patients on isotretinoin (Accutane), a drug with known and pronounced teratogenic effects. This revised risk management plan places significant burdens on both providers and patients in the hopes of achieving its goal of reducing fetal exposure to isotretinoin. The main focus of this paper is to discuss the burdens of various aspects of the program in relationship to potential corresponding benefits. In particular, we evaluate the pregnancy rates of women on isotretinoin therapy compared with that of the general population and the rate changes based on the risk management programs. Additionally, we investigate whether the benefits of the program for women have increased as the benefits have risen. We devote special attention to the ethical implications of the intent of the program and to an analysis of the ethical justification of the restrictions placed on women of childbearing potential (WCP) as it compares to the risk-benefit relationship of using isotretinoin. 相似文献
920.
Current proposals for strengthening policy ownership in reforming economies are fundamentally flawed. Modeling the reform
process as a prisoners’ dilemma demonstrates that political agents must overcome this conflict of interests before present proposals for bolstering ownership will work. A politically autonomous mass media is one important mechanism enabling
political agents to do this. Reforming countries without free media face an uphill battle overcoming the problems associated
with transition. We test our theory by investigating the relationship between media freedom, foreign aid, and economic development
in 26 post-socialist transition countries. The results of this analysis support our theory.
相似文献