刑法学研究的新构想

《中华人民共和国刑法》已正式施行十一年了,在这期间,我国刑法学的研究成就卓然.如何使刑法学的研究工作在现有基础上更上一层楼,是刑法学者共同关心的问题.本期特邀部分刑法学专家就刑法学研究的新构想各陈高见,现予发表,供读者参考.     

红色旅游与生态旅游共生发展模式探讨——以福建省为例

红色旅游与生态旅游的兴起是人民群众日益增长的旅游休闲消费需求的客观需要,是建设有中国特色社会主义先进文化的必然要求,也是革命老区实现旅游惠民、兴旅富民的重要举措。本文在分析红色旅游和绿色生态旅游内涵及两者之间联系的基础上,通过分析福建发展红色旅游的有利条件和制约因素,深入探讨了福建省红色旅游与绿色生态旅游融合性发展的必要性和可行性,进而提出促进福建省红色旅游与绿色生态旅游融合性发展的具体措施。     

关于违法行为教育矫治法立法中几个重大问题的思考

根据中央司法体制和工作机制改革的精神,劳动教养制度将要改革为违法行为教育矫治制度。目前,有关立法机构正在进行相关法律的制定工作。在立法过程中,法律的性质、适用对象、适用条件、决定程序以及法律名称等几个重要问题必须加以澄清。     

批复上所见的疑难案件裁判方法

批复系最高人民法院"对于高级人民法院、解放军军事法院就审判工作中具体应用法律问题的请示所作的答复"。以法律论证的角度来看,司法批复具有法律解释与替代裁判两种功能,因此可以之作为观察我国法院之疑难案件裁判方法的实证材料。在法律解释的层面,由于中西方司法体制与法律行文的差异,西方法学方法论上的一般解释理论在用来说明我国司法解释操作特别是再解释问题时未必适用。在法律论证的层面,特别是理由给出的层面,我国法院主要依据制定法、司法解释与行政政策作为法律论证理由,但是在理由的给出过程中缺乏必要的具体化解释与正当性说明、同时过分地依赖审判委员会的集体人格权威来作为论证的主要理由。     

论诉讼模式对推定的影响——以台湾地区法制和法学研究为例

从台湾地区法制的变革和相关理论研究成果可以看出,诉讼模式对于推定产生着重要影响。具有转移证明责任效力的法律推定,只在当事人主义诉讼模式下存在;而事实推定则在当事人主义诉讼模式和职权主义诉讼模式下都有存在的空间。这对中国大陆学者开展推定制度的研究具有重要的启发意义。     

Assessing change in dynamic risk factors in forensic psychiatric inpatients: relationship with psychopathy and recidivism

This study explored change in dynamic risk for violence using the Clinical and Risk Management subscales of the Historical Clinical and Risk Management-20 version 3 (HCR-20 v3) and sought to determine whether change was associated with violent recidivism. The association between the magnitude of change and psychopathy was also assessed. Participants were 40 male (n = 32) and female (n = 8) forensic psychiatric inpatients discharged from a secure forensic mental health service. Results showed that participants significantly improved on the HCR-20v3 Clinical subscale but significantly worsened on the Risk Management subscale. Psychopathy was unrelated to change in Clinical and Risk Management subscales. The hypothesis that changes in dynamic risk would predict recidivism over and above total pre-treatment risk (HCR-20v3 Total score) and psychopathy was not supported. These results suggest that improvements in mental state risk factors alone are insufficient with regard to lowering violence risk.     

Evaluating the Violence Prevention Program: group and individual changes in aggression,anger, self-control,and empathy

While youth violence reduction program is a necessity to prevent long-term criminal and violent offending, its effectiveness in youth violent offenders is not well researched. This study investigated the effectiveness of the Violence Prevention Program (VPP) in addressing the aggression, anger, self-control, and empathy of youth violent offenders. One hundred and seventy youths (mean age 15.8 years) who completed VPP from 2008 to 2014 completed self-report measures on study outcomes both before and after the intervention. Repeated measures analyses revealed significant improvement in youths’ anger, aggression, and self-control at post-treatment, but changes in youths’ empathy were not significant. Subsequent analysis found that only youths with lower empathy scores at pre-treatment showed significant increase in empathy post-treatment. Overall, the results suggest that VPP can reduce aggression and mitigate the criminogenic needs of youth offenders. But its effect on empathy may be contingent on youths’ pre-treatment profiles. Limitations and implications for future studies are discussed.     

Philippine population database at nine microsatellite loci for forensic and paternity applications

Allele frequency distributions for a Filipino population from the National Capital Region (NCR) were determined for eight STR loci: HUMF13A01, HUMFES/FPS, HUMvWA, HUMFOLP23, HUMD8S306, HUMCSFIPO, HUMTPOX and HUMTHO1; and a VNTR locus: D1S80. Statistical analysis showed that the nine loci showed no deviations from Hardy-Weinberg and linkage equilibrium rules. The average power of paternity exclusion for the nine loci is 0.9962 and the discriminating power is 1-2 x 10(-9). The data obtained from this study will be used as reference data for forensic DNA typing in the Philippines.     

优先权制度的框架构建

优先权制度的构建问题目前为我国学者所关注和讨论,但是如何具体构建,缺乏系统理论阐述,这正是物权法制定前丞待解决的问题。笔者在深入探究优先权制度的价值内涵,分析优先权的立法思路之后,提出了优先权制度具体的立法构想。     

民主革命时期党对社会主义与资本主义关系的认识

如何认识和处理社会主义与资本主义的关系,是中国共产党创建伊始即须面对的问题。从建党初期的主张立即消灭资本主义直接实行社会主义革命,到大革命前后初步认识到中国革命要分民主革命和社会主义革命两个阶段;土地革命时期,从幻想将民主主义革命和社会主义革命"毕其功于一役"到提出民主革命的相当长时期内不能消灭资本主义、不能打击资产阶级;再到抗日战争时期认识到必须利用资本主义来发展社会主义并把它作为新民主主义理论的重要内容,以及解放战争时期对资产阶级与资本主义问题的更加科学全面深入的认识,充分体现了我们党对社会主义与资本主义关系的艰辛探索和与时俱进的精神。