以审判为中心与国家监察体制改革

从以审判为中心的视角审视国家监察体制改革,具有独特的意义和价值。监察机关调查活动中的刑事调查部分,与刑事诉讼程序具有密切联系,为以审判为中心的视角分析国家监察体制改革提供了正当性基础。从以审判为中心在证据规则方面的要求考察监察机关调查活动中司法审判证据规则的适用范围、调查活动的法律规制存在问题;以以审判为中心对诉讼职能的影响为工具,可以发现国家监察体制改革面临司法审查原则的贯彻、职务犯罪侦查权的配置、监察证据在刑事诉讼中的使用、辩护律师的参与等多方面的挑战;诉讼主体的权力配置,则体现出国家监察体制改革带来的深层次问题。国家监察制度的未来完善之路,将面临一系列挑战和课题。     

略论当代大学生信仰危机及其对策

大学生是未来建设祖国的中坚力量,大学生的信仰状况如何会直接影响国家的发展和社会的安定。我们通过对一项问卷调查报告的研究,分析出了当代大学生信仰的现状,并在此基础上阐明了造成这种现状的原因及其危害,最后提出了几点建议。     

中美假释制度比较论纲

我国97刑法典仅有6个条文规定假释制度,美国模范刑法典有关假释的规定有28个条文。我国的假释类型单一化,只有相对裁量假释;美国的假释类型多样化,涵盖了几乎所有的假释类型。美国假释适用的条件不论从实体还是程序来看都比我国丰富和细致。中美两国假释制度差异的形成原因在于假释制度在美国有着根基深厚的司法实践传统,而中国司法实践长期重视减刑制度的运用,假释在刑罚执行过程中备受冷落。     

Pilot Study of Automated Bullet Signature Identification Based on Topography Measurements and Correlations*†

Abstract: A procedure for automated bullet signature identification is described based on topography measurements using confocal microscopy and correlation calculation. Automated search and retrieval systems are widely used for comparison of firearms evidence. In this study, 48 bullets fired from six different barrel manufacturers are classified into different groups based on the width class characteristic for each land engraved area of the bullets. Then the cross‐correlation function is applied both for automatic selection of the effective correlation area, and for the extraction of a 2D bullet profile signature. Based on the cross‐correlation maximum values, a list of top ranking candidates against a ballistics signature database of bullets fired from the same model firearm is developed. The correlation results show a 9.3% higher accuracy rate compared with a currently used commercial system based on optical reflection. This suggests that correlation results can be improved using the sequence of methods described here.     

Who is better for handling domestic violence? A comparison between Taiwanese female and male Officers

This study examined Taiwanese female and male police officers’ perceptions of handling domestic violence. Specifically, it assessed officers’ attitudes toward whether female officers, male officers, or a combination of female and male officers are more suited for handling cases of battered women, offenders, and domestic violence overall. Survey data were collected from 96 female and 156 male officers from two police departments in Taiwan. Frequency distributions showed that a combination of male and female officers were most preferred by officers for handling abused women, offenders, and domestic violence overall. Regression analysis found that female officers were significantly more likely than male officers to favor a combination of male and female officers over female officers alone for handling battered women. Female officers were found to be more likely than male officers to favor male over female officers and a combination of male and female officers for handling offenders. Police supervisors’ attitudes toward domestic violence also influenced officers’ attitudes toward who is more suited for handling offenders. Implications for future research and policy are discussed.     

上海市奉贤区医疗纠纷防范研究

目的：通过本课题研究,探索我区医疗纠纷、事故防范的有效机制与手段,降低医疗事故的发生,确保医疗安全。方法：以2004年8月课题立项研究为时间界限,设对照组与干预组,对照组：取自2002年9月--2004年8月间所引发医疗纠纷、事故的主要原因作研究对比材料;干预组：取自2004年9月－2006年8月间的相关材料,二组资料作回顾性对比分析。结果：通过法制宣传、业务培训、专题研讨、学术交流、案例分析、加强督查等一系列干预措施。医疗投诉、受理鉴定、事故的发生率分别下降10.0％、44．5％、15．4％;医疗总体质量提高5．1％、社会满意度得到进一步提高。结论：提高医务人员的业务素质、强化防范意识、规范操作流程、改善暇务态度是降低医疗纠纷、事故的关键所在。     

China＇ s Land ＆ Sea Frontiers and Strategic Thinking

Land frontiers and territorial seas are important to a country’s development and security.The issue of frontiers should be considered and dealt with within the country’s overall strategy of diplomacy and security.It should never be dealt with in isolation as some members of the     

A Legacy of Harm: Punitive Drug Policies and Women’s Carceral Experiences in Canada

There is limited research on the gendered impacts of drug policies in Canada, despite the fact that women, Indigenous women in particular, are the country’s fastest growing prisoner population, with many incarcerated for drug-related crimes. This article highlights the results of a larger qualitative study with former prisoners in Ontario and community and medical experts from across the country. Focusing on the women research participants, we consider the lack of adequate and culturally-relevant substance use and harm reduction programming in federal prisons, and suggest a reformulation of Canada’s punitive drug policies toward a health and social welfare approach.     

A Prototype of Mathematical Treatment of Pen Pressure Data for Signature Verification

A prototype using simple mathematical treatment of the pen pressure data recorded by a digital pen movement recording device was derived. In this study, a total of 48 sets of signature and initial specimens were collected. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to compare the data of the pen pressure patterns. From the 820 pair comparisons of the 48 sets of genuine signatures, a high degree of matching was found in which 95.4% (782 pairs) and 80% (656 pairs) had rPA > 0.7 and rPA > 0.8, respectively. In the comparison of the 23 forged signatures with their corresponding control signatures, 20 of them (89.2% of pairs) had rPA values < 0.6, showing a lower degree of matching when compared with the results of the genuine signatures. The prototype could be used as a complementary technique to improve the objectivity of signature examination and also has a good potential to be developed as a tool for automated signature identification.     

违法所得没收特别程序的性质与案件范围

新《刑事诉讼法》确立的违法所得没收特别程序在性质上属于程序障碍情况下实施的刑事没收中针对某些犯罪案件而特别设计的程序,2012年底最高人民法院、最高人民检察院的新司法解释扩张其案件范围的规定,实为将两种在制度目的、制度原理与立法技术等方面不同的没收制度一并纳入特别程序之中,这种设计在制度结构上存在不合理性,应有所调整。