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221.
Guy N. Rutty M.D. M.B.B.S. F.R.C.Path. Dip.R.C.Path. F.F.S.Soc. F.F.F.L.M. ; Claire Robinson B.Sc. M.Sc. ; Bruno Morgan Ph.D. B.M.B.Ch. M.R.C.P. F.R.C.R. ; Sue Black O.B.E. B.Sc. Ph.D. D.Sc. F.R.S.E. ; Catherine Adams D.C.R.R. B.D.S. M.S.C. R.F.P. ; Philip Webster H.D.C.R. D.M.S. M.B.A. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2009,54(6):1438-1442
Abstract: Imaging is an integral diagnostic tool in mass fatality investigations undertaken traditionally by plain X-rays, fluoroscopy, and dental radiography. However, little attention has been given to appropriate image reporting, secure data transfer and storage particularly in relation to the need to meet stringent judicial requirements. Notwithstanding these limitations, it is the risk associated with the safe handling and investigation of contaminated fatalities which is providing new challenges for mass fatality radiological imaging. Mobile multi-slice computed tomography is an alternative to these traditional modalities as it provides a greater diagnostic yield and an opportunity to address the requirements of the criminal justice system. We present a new national disaster victim/forensic identification imaging system—Fimag—which is applicable for both contaminated and non-contaminated mass fatality imaging and addresses the issues of judicial reporting. We suggest this system opens a new era in radiological diagnostics for mass fatalities. 相似文献
222.
Claire A. J. van den Eeden M.Sc. Christianne J. de Poot Ph.D. Peter J. van Koppen Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2019,64(1):120-126
A large body of research has described the influence of context information on forensic decision‐making. In this study, we examined the effect of context information on the search for and selection of traces by students (N = 36) and crime scene investigators (N = 58). Participants investigated an ambiguous mock crime scene and received prior information indicating suicide, a violent death or no information. Participants described their impression of the scene and wrote down which traces they wanted to secure. Results showed that context information impacted first impression of the scene and crime scene behavior, namely number of traces secured. Participants in the murder condition secured most traces. Furthermore, the students secured more crime‐related traces. Students were more confident in their first impression. This study does not indicate that experts outperform novices. We therefore argue for proper training on cognitive processes as an integral part of all forensic education. 相似文献
223.
In this article, we describe a quasi‐experiment in which experienced incarcerated burglars (n = 56), other offenders (n = 50), and nonoffenders (n = 55) undertook a mock burglary within a virtual neighborhood. We draw from the cognitive psychology literature on expertise and apply it to offending behavior, demonstrating synergy with rational choice perspectives, yet extending them in several respects. Our principal goal was to carry out the first robust test of expertise in offenders by having these groups undertake a burglary in a fully fledged reenactment of a crime in a virtual environment. Our findings indicate that the virtual environment successfully reinstated the context of the crime showing clear differences in the decision making of burglars compared with other groups in ways commensurate with expertise in other behavioral domains. Specifically, burglars scoped the neighborhood more thoroughly, spent more time in the high‐value areas of the crime scene while traveling less distance there, and targeted different goods from the comparison groups. The level of detail in the data generated sheds new light on the cognitive processes and actions of burglars and how they “learn on the job.” Implications for criminal decision‐making perspectives and psychological theories of expertise are discussed. 相似文献
224.
Vitamin D has an integral role in maintaining calcium homeostasis in the blood. It is well established that prolonged and severe vitamin D deficiency leads to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. Increasing evidence indicates that deficiency has associations with a number of other physical and mental health conditions. Doctors should ensure that their patients have information so that they can make informed decisions about their health, be it their physical or mental health. Recent NICE guidelines on vitamin D recommend that health care professionals have a role in informing patients about vitamin D supplements. This is especially relevant for forensic psychiatrists, as their patients often fall into recognised at risk groups for lowered vitamin D levels. One could argue that patients who have long admissions in secure wards are a specific at risk group and that supplementation should be routine. 相似文献
225.
Jake Shaw Caitriona Higgins Claire Quartey 《The journal of forensic psychiatry & psychology》2017,28(6):777-789
This study investigated the impact of completing collaborative case formulations (CFs) on the professional relationship between Offender Managers (OMs) and high risk offenders with personality disorder (PD). It was hypothesised that collaborative CFs would result in significantly improved professional relationships, offender engagement and OM confidence. Seventy-seven OMs were randomised into control and formulation groups and randomly allocated a high risk offender with PD. OMs in the formulation group attended advanced formulation training and constructed collaborative CFs. No collaborative CFs were constructed by the control group. All participants subsequently completed a measure of relationship quality. OMs also completed a perceived benefits rating scale evaluating perceived offender engagement and OM confidence. OMs in the formulation group reported significantly higher overall relationship quality, a stronger working alliance and greater confidence. Offenders in the formulation group reported significantly higher degrees of trust in their OMs. Results indicate that completing CFs collaboratively with high risk offenders with PD may have a small, beneficial impact on the quality of OM/Offender relationships and increase OM confidence. 相似文献
226.
Claire Powell Karen Ciclitira Lisa Marzano 《The journal of forensic psychiatry & psychology》2017,28(6):790-810
This review systematically searched UK academic and grey literature in relation to mother and child separation in prison. Attachment theory is referred to in current prison policy for mothers and could provide a framework linking policy and practice. Reviewing grey literature provided an opportunity to explore practice-based literature. Twenty-four academic papers and 51 grey documents were reviewed. Use of attachment theory in the academic literature varied according to discipline, ranging from extensive use to no use. There was greater use of attachment theory in the grey literature. Despite linguistic differences, all documents highlighted the detrimental impact of separation on imprisoned mothers. However, specificity was lacking regarding support for mothers, and staff needs were overlooked. Given its use across the sparse research and practice literature, and its basis for policy, attachment theory could underpin theoretically informed support for imprisoned mothers separated from their infants and staff who support them. 相似文献
227.
Joanes Odiwuor Atela Claire Hellen Quinn Albert A. Arhin Lalisa Duguma Kennedy Liti Mbeva 《International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics》2017,17(4):463-482
Emerging climate change regimes, such as the mechanism for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+), are increasingly aiming to engage developing countries such as those in Africa, in sustainable development through carbon markets. The contribution of African countries to global climate negotiations determines how compatible the negotiated rules could be with the existing socioeconomic and policy circumstances of African countries. The aim of this paper is to explore the agency of Africa (African States) in the global climate change negotiations and discuss possible implications for implementing these rules using REDD+ as a case study. Drawing on document analysis and semi-structured expert interviews, our findings suggest that although African countries are extensively involved in the implementation of REDD+ interventions, the continent has a weak agency on the design of the global REDD+ architecture. This weak agency results from a number of factors including the inability of African countries to send large and diverse delegations to the negotiations as well lack of capacity to generate and transmit research evidence to the global platform. African countries also perceive themselves as victims of climate change who should be eligible for support rather than sources of technological solutions. Again, Africa’s position is fragmented across negotiation coalitions which weakens the continent's collective influence on the REDD+ agenda. This paper discusses a number of implementation deficits which could result from this weak agency. These include concerns about implementation capacity and a potential lack of coherence between REDD+ rules and existing policies in African countries. These findings call for a rethink of pathways to enhancing Africa’s strategies in engaging in multilateral climate change negotiations, especially if climate change regimes specifically targeted at developing countries are to be effective. 相似文献
228.
229.
Claire Burgio 《Asia Europe Journal》2007,5(2):181-186
Since the late 1970s, China has made enormous efforts to liberalize its markets and integrate itself into the world economy.
Yet these developments have not been accompanied by any meaningful degree of liberalization of the political system. This
paper attempts to account for the lack of democratization in China. In particular, it reviews the process of gradual economic
liberalization initiated under Deng Xiao Ping and discusses the issue of corruption. Economic liberalization, it is shown,
has provided new opportunities for the political elite to translate power into wealth, thereby making it more reluctant than
ever to relax its grip on power. In a system of “autocratic capitalism,” the ruling elite both in business and government
lack the incentives to introduce political liberalization. At this stage, dreams that the country’s economic liberalization
will someday lead to democracy remain distant.
相似文献
Claire BurgioEmail: |
230.
The Greenbook Initiative has acted as a catalyst for change across the United States and globe. In this article, the authors discuss how the Greenbook has shaped the environment related to perpetrator accountability in child welfare, how a paradigm shift in work with fathers can advance domestic violence‐informed practice, and how a perpetrator pattern‐based approach, as exemplified by the Safe & Together Model, can help advance the vision of the Greenbook. 相似文献