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861.
Limited information is available about the international generalizability of the common conclusion that marital discord tends to be associated with problematic parenting. Pakistan is a sociocultural context known for a high frequency of marital distress. Accordingly, this study draws from a sample of 270 Pakistani families with children between the ages of 9 to 13 years (M?=?11.21 years). In this study we explore the question: Are Pakistani children’s perceptions of maternal and/or paternal rejection related to their parents’ perceptions of spousal rejection? Results of a hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that wives’ perceptions of husbands’ rejection predicted children’s perceptions of maternal rejection, as well as—but to a significantly lesser extent—children’s perceptions of paternal rejection. Similarly, husbands’ perceptions of wives’ rejection predicted children’s perceptions of paternal rejection, as well as—but to a significantly lesser extent—children’s perceptions of maternal rejection. Results of this research, along with the slim body of prior international research, suggests that the concept of “spillover effect” used to explain the association between spousal rejection and parental rejection may have widespread international applicability. 相似文献
862.
Maria Aysa-Lastra Patria Rojas Frank R. Dillon Rui Duan Mario De La Rosa 《Journal of family violence》2012,27(6):547-559
This paper focuses on the importance of family member closeness as a protective factor against domestic abuse. We explore the link between long-lasting relations within the family and intra-familial violence perpetrated against women in Latino households in South Florida. We use data from an Inter-generational Transmission of Drug Use between Latina Mothers and Daughters (ITDMD) study. The study includes data on family relations and domestic abuse. We estimate a series of multivariate regressions to obtain the probability of abuse against women, the types of abuse inflicted and the relationship with the abusers. Our results indicate that among abused women, the effects of long-lasting relations within the family differ depending on the type of relationship between the abuser and the victim and the degree of closeness the victim feels towards other family members. Given these findings, there is a need to further study family relations and abuse in Latino households. 相似文献
863.
Edgar L. Feige 《Crime, Law and Social Change》2012,57(3):239-263
Despite financial innovations that have created important new substitutes for cash usage, per capita holdings of U.S. currency
amount to $2950. Yet American households and businesses admit to holding only 15% of the currency stock, leaving the whereabouts
of 85% unknown. Some fraction of this unaccounted for currency is held abroad (the dollarization hypothesis) and some is held
domestically undeclared, as a store of value and a medium of exchange for transactions involving the production and distribution
of illegal goods and services, and for transactions earning income that is not reported to the IRS (the unreported economy
hypothesis). We find that the percentage of U.S. currency currently held overseas is between 30 and 37% rather than the widely
cited figure of 65%. This finding is based on the official Federal Reserve/Bureau of Economic Analysis data which is a proxy
measure of the New York Federal Reserve’s (NYB) “confidential” data on wholesale currency shipments abroad. We recommend that
the NYB data be aggregated so as to circumvent confidentiality concerns, and be made readily available to all researchers
in order to shed greater light on the questions of how much U.S. currency is abroad and on the particular location of overseas
U.S. dollars. The newly revised official estimates of overseas currency holdings are employed to determine the Federal Reserve’s
seigniorage earnings from 1964–2010, which have provided a $2950. Yet American households and businesses admit to holding only 15% of the currency stock, leaving the whereabouts
of 85% unknown. Some fraction of this unaccounted for currency is held abroad (the dollarization hypothesis) and some is held
domestically undeclared, as a store of value and a medium of exchange for transactions involving the production and distribution
of illegal goods and services, and for transactions earning income that is not reported to the IRS (the unreported economy
hypothesis). We find that the percentage of U.S. currency currently held overseas is between 30 and 37% rather than the widely
cited figure of 65%. This finding is based on the official Federal Reserve/Bureau of Economic Analysis data which is a proxy
measure of the New York Federal Reserve’s (NYB) “confidential” data on wholesale currency shipments abroad. We recommend that
the NYB data be aggregated so as to circumvent confidentiality concerns, and be made readily available to all researchers
in order to shed greater light on the questions of how much U.S. currency is abroad and on the particular location of overseas
U.S. dollars. The newly revised official estimates of overseas currency holdings are employed to determine the Federal Reserve’s
seigniorage earnings from 1964–2010, which have provided a 287 billion windfall for U.S. taxpayers. Overseas currency stock
data are also used to derive estimates of the domestically held stock of currency as well as narrow and broad measures of domestic monetary aggregates. These domestic monetary aggregates are believed to be better predictors of future economic activity than traditional monetary aggregates
and are tested to determine their ability to predict fluctuations in real output and prices. Domestic cash holdings are finally
used to estimate the size of the U.S. unreported economy as measured by the amount of income that is not properly reported
to the IRS. By 2010, we estimate that legal and illegal source unreported income” is $1.9–$1.9–2.4 trillion, implying a “tax gap”
in the range of $400–$400–540 billion. Currently, we estimate that 18–23% of total reportable income is not properly reported
to the IRS. 相似文献
864.
Based on ethnographic data, this essay analyzes the social order properties of a poor urban street, in a small city in the
northeast United States, on which drug dealing is the principle occupation. Rather than treating drug dealing as an agent
of disorder, we focus on the order properties of drug dealing and the ordered character of the local code of conduct that
develops around it. Like Sudhir Venkatesh (American Journal of Sociology 103:82–111, 1997) we examine the interface between drug dealing and the neighborhood. However, in this small urban space the drug dealers
are not outsiders, rather, they are long term residents: established insiders who are well integrated into community life.
As such their work practices and the requirements they place on behavior in public spaces impact the neighborhood in comprehensive
ways. We detail the phenomenon Elijah Anderson called the “code of the street” (Anderson 1999) as a set of practices and social markers, a local Interaction Order (Goffman, American Sociological Review 48:1–17, 1983; Rawls, Sociological Theory 2:136–149, 1987), that furnishes basic day to day sensemaking tools for residents (Rawls 2009). We propose that this order has a constitutive character that furnishes stable expectations (Garfinkel 1963, 1967) for meaningful social action and identity in the neighborhood. In a context of industrial decline and urban poverty, drug
dealing careers constitute a major socialization factor, that touches everyone here—especially children. 相似文献
865.
This study investigates the factors that shape the attitudes of scientists toward starting their own business or working in
a private sector firm. The analysis is based on data collected from scientists working in the German Max Planck Society, a
research institution devoted to basic science. We find that the scientists’ attractiveness of working in a private sector
firm or of starting their own business differ considerably according to their academic discipline and the self-reported commercial
potential of their research. The ability to take risks, prior work experience in private firms, and personal experience in
cooperating with industry lead to a positive attitude towards switching to private sector employment or entrepreneurship.
Strong willingness to freely distribute research findings is related to a low appeal of private sector work. 相似文献
866.
867.
Riccardo Rossi M.D. Maria Lodise M.D. Massimo Lancia M.D. Mauro Bacci M.D. Fabio De‐Giorgio M.D. Ph.D. Fidelia Cascini M.D. Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2014,59(3):833-835
In the vast majority of immediate fire deaths, the mechanism of death is inhalation of toxic gases (especially carbon monoxide), direct thermal injury, or neurogenic shock due to the redistribution of the body's blood volume produced by surface heat on the skin. We present a suicidal case that is unusual because the mechanism of immediate fire death could arguably be explained in terms of a primitive autonomic reflex/the trigemino‐cardiac reflex. Although this reflex is well known to surgeons and anesthetists, with possible lethal consequences in the course of invasive surgical procedures on the head and neck region, it is much less familiar to forensic pathologists. 相似文献
868.
Bruno Verschuere Katarzyna Uzieblo Maarten De Schryver Hester Douma Thomas Onraedt Geert Crombez 《The journal of forensic psychiatry & psychology》2014,25(6):705-713
The possibility to assess psychopathy through self-report is debated, amongst others, because psychopathic individuals may deliberately underreport psychopathic features (fake good). Meta-analytic research has shown an inverse relation between faking good and self-reported psychopathy, possibly indicating that faking good lowered psychopathy scores (response bias). Low faking good scores, could, however, also reflect true variance in psychopathic personality to the extent that it reflects a disregard of social conventions. Through a secondary analysis (n = 675), we show that controlling for faking good significantly weakens, rather than strengthens, the associations between psychopathy scores and antisocial behavior (alcohol and drug abuse, indirect aggression, and delinquency). These findings indicate that the inverse relation between faking good and self-reported psychopathy reflects true variance in psychopathy personality (i.e. low social desirability), not a response bias. 相似文献
869.
Gloria Aurora De Las Fuentes Lacavex 《美中法律评论》2014,(10):1218-1231
This research is based on documentary research, with the purpose to gather information concerning the legal and regulatory environment, historical and legal background, as well as its current policy in Mexico, compared with other states, of the environmental damages in order to assess the Federal Law of Environmental Liability's suitability as a means of ensuring both, of obtaining the environmental damage repair, restitution or compensation; and the access to an adequate environment. 相似文献
870.
The purpose of the study was to identify the insecure adult attachment style associated with childhood physical abuse. Five hundred fifty-two female and 294 male university students completed questionnaires on their child abuse history, adult attachment style, and other variables. Regression analyses were completed. A history of physical abuse was associated with attachment avoidance while controlling for other forms of childhood abuse. Some support was also found for an association between physical abuse and attachment anxiety. Social support, as a control variable, was found to be an important predictor of attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety. A history of childhood physical abuse has important and specific impacts on intimate adult relationships with social support acting as a possible protective factor. 相似文献