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151.
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Clive Gray 《Local Government Studies》2017,43(3):315-322
This article discusses policy developments in the arts and local government since the publication of the original article on this topic. It assesses the continued relevance of the thinking behind policy attachment in the original article for understanding and explaining policy in this sector, and indicates the direction in which the concept of policy attachment could be developed in both analytical and empirical ways. 相似文献
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This article is an attempt to comprehend the bureaucratic phenomenon of the deathwatch, the last 24 hours of a prisoner’s
life, stressing the theoretical applications scholars can make to the study of docile bodies on death row. Because years of
work are necessary to obtain obedience from condemned inmates, health care professionals lend more than an aura of legitimacy
to the capital punishment process. As an integral part of the prison and capital punishment, they provide stability, reliability,
and the means to achieve the goals of peaceful executions. The ultimate objective of utilizing health care professionals is
the sanitization of penal practice and penal language to effect the complete absence of resistance from the condemned. 相似文献
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Holmes Stephen T. Reynolds K. Michael Holmes Ronald M. Faulkner Samuel 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》1998,23(1):83-106
This study is based on previous research denoting the primary factors that influence officer decisions regarding the use of
differing levels of force in police-citizen encounters. Using a totality of the circumstance approach, primary emphasis is
directed toward explaining those factors that contribute to officers’ estimation of the perceived level of threat inherent
in police-citizen encounters. Officers’ perceived level of threat presented by a suspect or the situational context of an
encounter is important because in 1989, the Supreme Court in theGraham v. Conner decision mandated that the appropriate amount of force that can be utilized depends on the following four primary factors:
the threat, offense severity, actual resistance offered, and whether the suspect is trying to escape custody. These criteria
were tested and placed into a predictive model along with other indicators the literature has found to be correlated with
situations in which police force is used more often. The findings suggest that while the threat presented to officers is important
and related to the level of force that is deemed appropriate by the police profession, many additional elements must be taken
into consideration when interpreting if an officer used force correctly. 相似文献
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The Supreme Court handed down its decision in MGM v Groksteron 27 June 2005, reversing the decision of the lower courtsand holding that peer-to-peer software services may be heldliable for inducing copyright infringement. 相似文献