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431.
432.
A study was conducted on decomposition and insect succession in the Prairie Ecozone of Saskatchewan in the year 2000. Eighteen domestic pig carcasses (42-79 kg) were employed as human models for applications to future homicide investigations in this region. Two major variables were considered including the effect of season and habitat (sun versus shade). Research was conducted over 25 weeks, spanning three seasons: spring, summer and fall. Ambient temperature, internal carcass temperature, faunistic succession over time, and the rate of decay were all compared for each experimental variable. Results indicated that habitat was only a factor in the decompositional rate of carrion in the spring season. The ambient temperature was the chief factor determining the seasonal variations in decay rate. Maximum internal carcass temperatures always coincided with the presence of 3rd instar larvae. Patterns of insect succession occurred in a predictable sequence that varied across different habitats and seasons and was unique compared to previously published studies. Carcasses placed in spring and fall attracted a more diverse assemblage of insects than summer-placed carrion. Sun-exposed carrion also had greater variation in fauna than shaded carrion in spring and fall. Members of Silphidae were the first coleopteran colonizers in all habitats and seasons. This paper also marks the first record for Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius) in Saskatchewan. 相似文献
433.
Childhood Sexual Abuse,Other Childhood Factors,and Pathways to Survivors’ Adult Relationship Quality
We were interested in understanding how the effects of childhood sexual abuse, in concert with other negative childhood experiences,
were carried forward into adult romantic relationships. Data from 15,831 married or cohabitating individuals were gathered
via the RELATE Questionnaire. Empirical research, attachment theory, and a general model of adult relationship quality suggested
that the path from negative childhood events to adult relationship quality was mediated by a number of individual and relational
affect-laden variables. Results showed that childhood abuse and other family-of-origin variables work primarily through the
adult survivor’s perceptions of the events of his or her childhood. This “current impact” variable, along with the current
level of depression, work through an emotion-laden relationship variable—level of emotional flooding during couple conflict—to
influence the relationship quality outcome variable. Treatment implications are discussed. 相似文献
434.
Kevin?J.?Barrett Maria ?Haberfeld Michael?C.?Walker 《Crime, Law and Social Change》2009,52(2):159-179
This article examines the attitudes of sample populations of urban, suburban and rural police officers in New Jersey in regard
to a hypothetical use of force scenario. The aim of the study is to identify similarities and differences in the perceptions
of officers who are faced with the same type of hypothetical situations but who are exposed to different training, procedural
and environmental factors. Police officers in the United States receive different types of training in each state that might
influence their attitudes towards the use of force. A pilot study was conducted comparing two urban police departments from
two different states and showed some differences in the attitudes of the surveyed officers. To further explore these differences,
a more refined look at three police departments in one state (New Jersey) was conducted as part of a doctoral dissertation
of the lead author. Research questions are aimed at identifying the differences in the frameworks for the justification of
force based on a host of variables. The research questions stipulated that there will be some significant differences in attitudes
towards the use of force by the officers, based on physical location of the communities they police. The findings of the study
identified additional factors that might influence the officers’ attitudes. Twelve focus groups, four at each of the sites,
were analyzed and it appears that there may be a geographic and demographic influence on how the officers respond to the scenario. 相似文献
435.
Sarah J. Benson Ph.D. ; Christopher J. Lennard Ph.D. ; Philip Maynard Ph.D. ; David M. Hill B.Sc. ; Anita S. Andrew Ph.D. ; Ken Neal B.Sc. ; Hilary Stuart-Williams Ph.D. ; Janet Hope B.Sc. ; G. Stewart Walker Ph.D. ; Claude Roux Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2010,55(1):205-212
Abstract: Comparability of data over time and between laboratories is a key issue for consideration in the development of global databases, and more broadly for quality assurance in general. One mechanism that can be utilized for evaluating traceability is an inter-laboratory trial. This paper addresses an inter-laboratory trial conducted across a number of Australian and New Zealand isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) laboratories. The main objective of this trial was to determine whether IRMS laboratories in these countries would record comparable values for the distributed samples. Four carbon containing and four nitrogen containing compounds were distributed to seven laboratories in Australia and one in New Zealand. The laboratories were requested to analyze the samples using their standard procedures. The data from each laboratory was evaluated collectively using International Standard ISO 13528 ( Statistical methods for use in proficiency testing by inter-laboratory comparisons ). "Warning signals" were raised against one participant in this trial. "Action signals" requiring corrective action were raised against four participants. These participants reviewed the data and possible sources for the discrepancies. This inter-laboratory trial was successful in providing an initial snapshot of the potential for traceability between the participating laboratories. The statistical methods described in this article could be used as a model for others needing to evaluate stable isotope results derived from multiple laboratories, e.g., inter-laboratory trials/proficiency testing. Ongoing trials will be conducted to improve traceability across the Australian and New Zealand IRMS community. 相似文献
436.
The Asian economic crisis of 1997 highlighted the inherent instability of the new worldwide economic order being created by highly mobile capital, and also its destabilizing social and political effects, especially in the transitional societies which had proved so hospitable to the champions of globalization and to proffered capital inputs. Whether these societies are destined to be subsumed and captured by globalization processes, or whether they and their citizens have any possibility of capturing some genuine benefits from advancing globalization, may rest on whether these transitional states and societies can assert, or at least influence, the terms of their engagement with those processes. This will not be possible, however, if people, societies and states capitulate in advance to the forces and processes of globalization as irresistible. This issue is explored through the grounded investigation of four key questions: do globalization processes serve any ends beyond themselves? How might one grasp the best, and make the most, of globalization? Is the logic of the market immutable and inflexible transculturally, or is it amenable to varying forms of cultural inflection and political supervision? Can what globalization delivers be drawn upon selectively, or is it instead a 'package-deal'? 相似文献
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