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31.
32.
Alan Sharp 《Diplomacy & Statecraft》2005,16(3):423-438
This paper uses the episode of the Kapp putsch in March 1920 to isolate and analyze a number of high policy themes that dominated the period from the signature of the Treaty of Versailles through to the Franco-Belgian invasion of the Ruhr. These included: the questions of what mechanisms existed to enforce the treaty; the sanctions available to the victorious governments to enforce their will; the position and problems of the German government; the relationship and suspicions existing between Britain and France and the differing aims, ambitions, and approaches of the major participants. 相似文献
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John Wooldredge 《Journal of criminal justice》2007,35(4):379
The effectiveness of harsher sanctions for domestic violence offenders is an important topic given legislative trends in “getting tough” with these offenders. This article takes a rare look at felony domestic violence, specifically felony assaults on female intimates, with an analysis of whether conviction, jail, and imprisonment are related to the odds of subsequent charges among 353 male defendants from twenty-four Ohio trial courts of general jurisdiction. Each defendant was followed up for two years after his original case was closed and his sentence (if any) was served. Conviction and jail sentences were both related to significantly lower likelihoods of recharging for intimate assault, but prison sentences were not related to these odds. These findings are discussed in relation to the potential importance of reducing short-term opportunities for violence in order to prevent future harm. 相似文献
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R. Alan Thompson 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》1997,12(1):61-69
On January 1, 1996, a new law took effect in Texas granting certain state citizens the privilege to carry a concealed handgun
on their person for the first time since 1871. As a result of this dramatic shift in state law, Texas is now among the growing
number of states across the nation who have adopted similar statutory provisions in one form or another. While at least one
empiricals study of citizen’s attitudes toward concealed handgun ownership was conducted prior to the law’s effective date,
no similar efforts were undertakens to assess the beliefs, perceptions and attitudes of the state’s law enforcement officers
about this important social policy. The present study was therefore undertaken in response to the lack of serious attention
which the issue of concealed handgun ownership among private citizens has received as it directly relates to the law enforcement
profession. Subjects for this study (N=327) were drawn from four Texas law enforcement agencies representing various organizational
sizes and missions. While the responses of officers who participated in the study indicate optimism about the law’s potential
to deter various types of crime, they also reflect a certain degree of concerns about concealed handgun ownership among private
citizens especially as this policy directly relates to perceive inadequacies in statemandated requirements and issues affecting
officer safety. 相似文献
38.
John Allison 《Diplomacy & Statecraft》2006,17(2):237-259
For much of the nineteenth century, Canadian education-related international activities resided outside the realm of traditional diplomacy. This situation was exacerbated by Canada's colonial link with Great Britain. Obstacles that prevented educationalists from playing a more substantive role in diplomacy were local, imperial, and ecclesiastical in origin. Educational activities were also a tool in the service of governments in the era between the zenith of British Imperialism in the 1890s and the founding of the United Nations in 1945. In the post-1945 era there was greater collaboration between the federal Ministry of External Affairs and provincial ministries of education. Education also emerged in the late twentieth century as part of the new diplomacy. A flowering of new international governmental organizations dedicated to furthering creative diplomacy brought new energy to this field. 相似文献
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Alan Dean 《Public Budgeting & Finance》2002,22(2):114-119
From the adoption of the Constitution in 1787, the executive department has been the primary vehicle through which the government of the United States has administered its programs. Their organization and effectiveness are therefore matters that demand constant attention. 相似文献