Hybrid Strategies: The American Experience

The United States has never followed only one grand strategy at a time. In this article, I develop the concept of “hybrid” grand strategies—strategies that vary by time and place, and combine the advantages (or disadvantages) of pure strategic archetypes such as containment, integration, regime change, bargaining, or non-intervention. I argue that hybrid strategies have been ubiquitous in American history, varying more by emphasis and degree than by absolute contrast. Moreover, U.S. hybrid strategies have often succeeded in accomplishing their major goals.     

How Do Police Respond to Stalking? An Examination of the Risk Management Strategies and Tactics Used in a Specialized Anti-Stalking Law Enforcement Unit

How do police respond to and manage complaints of stalking? To answer this question, we conducted a 3-phase study. First, we reviewed the literature to identify risk management tactics used to combat stalking. Second, we asked a group of police officers to review those tactics for completeness and group them into categories reflecting more general risk management strategies. The result was 22 categories of strategies. Finally, we used qualitative methods to evaluate the files of 32 cases referred to the specialized anti-stalking unit of a metropolitan police department. We coded specific risk management tactics and strategies used by police. Results indicated that a median number of 19 specific tactics from 7 general strategies were used to manage risk. Also, the implementation of strategies and tactics reflected specific characteristics of the cases (e.g., perpetrator risk factors, victim vulnerability factors), suggesting that the risk management decisions made by police were indeed strategic in nature. Qualitative analyses indicated that some of the strategies and tactics were more effective than others. We discuss how these findings can be used to understand and use stalking risk management more generally, as well as improve research on the efficacy of risk assessment and management for stalking.     

财政与我国金融稳定关系初探

金融稳定的公共产品特性和金融危机的负外部性决定了财政应当在维护金融稳定中担当重要角色。我国财政部门在推进金融体制改革和化解金融风险方面发挥了积极作用,但也存在着职责界定不清、缺乏制度化安排以及职能缺位等问题。为适应金融危机后建立健全系统性金融风险防范预警体系和处置机制的现实需要,有必要进一步充分发挥财政部门的作用,包括建立和完善跨部门的金融稳定协调机制、强健国家财政、实行跨境资本流动税收调节机制以及建立金融稳定准备金等。     

公共战略管理的价值取向与分析模式

公共战略管理作为公共行政研究领域的新兴途径,理应超越效率与公共性的抽象对立,以创造公共价值为终极目标,效率仅作为实现这一目标的必要手段。本文基于这一价值取向的选择,以及综合借鉴国外公共战略管理分析模式的合理因素,尝试构建我国公共战略管理的V-PS模式。     

The decomposition of rabbit carcasses and associated necrophagous Diptera in Kuwait

Rabbit carcasses were used to compare rates of decomposition and associated assemblages of Diptera at four discernable habitat types in Kuwait; a country of a region with a paucity of such reference data. Carcasses in an urban habitat showed faster decomposition (as measured by percentage weight loss) than in agricultural, coastal or desert habitats, even with accumulated degree days (ADD) as the explanatory variable (t=2.73, df=34, p=0.010) to compensate for temperature differences. Taxa of Diptera at the four habitats became more similar as decomposition progressed, suggesting such differences between habitats were not marked. The occurrence of Chrysomyia megacephala and Lucilia sericata had not previously been recorded in Kuwait.     

NGO在公共卫生服务中的角色分析

公共卫生服务是公共服务的内容之一。虽然公共卫生服务主要是政府的职责,但也是可以通过多种组织形态来提供的。本文分析了国家级NGO参与公共卫生项目的数量、比例和领域,提出了公共卫生服务中NGO的补充角色及其具体体现,包括在人力资源、资金、特殊领域和内容、特殊地区和人群以及服务模式探索等方面的补充作用,并从筹资和服务两个方面总结了NGO参与的方式。基于此,作者提出NGO和政府在公共卫生领域良性互动的模式。     

三维视角中的公共行政概念

公共行政的概念在三重关系中获得了原则性的规定。首先,公共行政是在科学与伦理的关系中得到定位的,所要解决的是政府在社会治理中应当基于科学理念还是基于伦理观念的问题。在这个问题上,公共行政生成时期的学者们基本上主张依据科学的理念去进行政府体系建构,开展社会治理活动。第二,公共行政是在政治与行政的关系中获得相对独立性的,是在政治与行政的分化中通过赋予政治价值中立的特性而使行政具有了形式上的公共性。第三,是在私人性与公共性的区分中界定了公共行政,指认公共行政是公共部门的管理,以求区别于私人部门的管理活动。     

行政编制动态调整影响因素分析——以安徽省地方政府为例

在行政编制总量一定的情况下,政府职能转变状况、地方政府管理幅度以及组织架构变化、民间非政府组织发育状况、地方政府人力资源素质状况,是影响地方政府行政编制动态调整的主要因素。从政府职能的角度,政府整体职能转变、政府职能在部门间层级间的转移、行政管理方式转变和行政审批制度改革;从政府组织架构的角度,淡化组织界限的跨部门整合、大部制改革、部门内部扁平化管理;从政府人力资源的角度,公务员整体素质、学历年龄结构、"通才"与"专才"的关系;从民间非政府组织的角度,社会团体的培育、民办非企业单位发展等等,都是影响地方政府行政编制动态调整的重要因素。