An unusual case using DNA polymorphisms to determine parentage of human remains.

The 2-year-old daughter of two farm laborers was reported missing while the farm owner was harvesting corn. Unidentifiable tissues and body parts were subsequently found admixed with silage. Samples of blood collected from the parents of the missing child as well as portions of the tissue recovered from the silage were subjected to analysis of DNA polymorphisms with probes usually used to identify paternity. In addition, allele-specific oligonucleotides were used to detect DNA polymorphism at the DQ alpha locus following DNA amplification using the polymerase chain reaction. In this case, the DNA results established that the tissue recovered from the silage was of human origin and confirmed the probable parentage of the two farm laborers.     

Some cautionary notes on the use of the Sellin-Wolfgang index of crime seriousness

This article points out that the analysis of Sellin-Wolfgang crime seriousness scores requires some standardization with regard to coding limits and, especially, in the method of handling zero scores. Also, suitable confidence intervals are derived for the geometric mean of the Sellin-Wolfgang scores.     

Moral Virtue and the Limits of the Political Community in Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics

The recovery of Aristotle's view of the political community as guardian of the common good and moral educator has fueled a continuing debate about civic education and virtue. In focusing on the relation of virtue to the common good and that of the individual, however, this debate has obscured Aristotle's insight into virtue's status as an independent end. I argue that by taking account of this dimension of virtue, Aristotle's discussion of the particular moral virtues in the Nicomachean Ethics clarifies the nature and limits of civic education and shows that the full question of the human good emerges only with an investigation of the political community's highest and noblest pedagogic aims.     

When marketing models clash with democracy

The application of marketing models in political and public sector contexts is examined. The assumptions in marketing of positive outcomes of (i) rapid responses to consumer concerns, (ii) the extension of choice and customisation in product development, and (iii) the application of market research techniques are considered in turn. This analysis suggests that in the political context, responding rapidly to public opinion is not necessarily a sound reaction; extending choice and customisation of products may not best serve public welfare, and applying market research techniques may not provide for the best system for policy decisions. The features of liberal representative democracy, particularly the role of deliberation, informed assent and accountability, have been neglected. Speed of response has been emphasised to the cost of democratic filters and checks on public opinion; enhanced choice, enabled by mass customisation, presents problems of social fragmentation; and the application of market research is no substitute for political discourse and engagement. Copyright © 2003 Henry Stewart Publications     

The hijacking of a new corporate form? Benefit corporations and corporate personhood

Benefit corporations are a new type of corporate entity developed to remedy antisocial corporate behaviour by enabling mission-driven investors, managers and entrepreneurs to prioritize social values and contest the idea that profits are the only and best measure of corporate performance. To resocialize the corporate entity, the benefit corporation movement built enabling discourses and evaluation practices into the dominant model of corporate governance, shareholder value ideology. These discourses and practices expand both the purpose of the corporate entity and shareholders’ power to enforce that purpose. However, this paper argues that the effort to ‘re-embed’ the corporate entity by making it subject to non-economic claims expands the scope of corporate personhood and that doing so within extant power relations of the firm opens the door to alternative projects that undermine the benefit corporation movement's goal of fostering corporate social responsibility.     

Suicide under the age of eighteen: a 10-year retrospective study

The number of suicides in the pediatric age group is rising, and death investigators need to be aware of the common scenarios, risk factors, and victims as they investigate such cases to properly assign the cause and manner of death. We reviewed all pediatric cases referred to the Medical University of South Carolina, Forensic Section, from January 1988 through January 1998. Thirty-one cases of pediatric suicide were analyzed with regards to age, gender, race, cause of death, surrounding circumstances, and past history. Sixty-eight percent of victims were aged 16 or 17 years, 84% were male, 68% were white, 78% used firearms to commit suicide, 81% were found within close vicinity of their home, and 26% had a documented history of mental illness. Suicide is a manner of death that is often difficult for the public to accept, especially in pediatric cases. We report our findings in this 10-year retrospective study to better understand this entity and work toward the prevention of future cases.