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431.
Jessica M. Craig Alex R. Piquero Joseph Murray David P. Farrington 《Journal of Experimental Criminology》2018,14(4):485-506
Objectives
While many criminological theories posit causal hypotheses, many studies fail to use methods that adequately address the three criteria of causality. This is particularly important when assessing the impact of criminal justice involvement on later outcomes. Due to practical and ethical concerns, it is challenging to randomize criminal sanctions, so quasi-experimental methods such as propensity score matching are often used to approximate a randomized design. Based on longitudinal data from the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development, the current study used propensity score matching to investigate the extent to which convictions and/or incarcerations in the first two decades of life were related to adverse mental health during middle adulthood.Methods
Propensity scores were utilized to match those with and without criminal justice involvement on a wide range of risk factors for offending.Results
The results indicated that there were no significant differences in mental health between those involved in the criminal justice system and those without such involvement.Conclusions
The results did not detect a relationship between justice system involvement and later mental health suggesting that the consequences of criminal justice involvement may only be limited to certain domains.432.
Distributive and procedural justice are of central importance to past and current theories of the psychology of moral development and the social psychology of justice. In order to explicate the relationships among theories, participants responded to both a measure of moral reasoning and a measure of 15 various justice criteria. Analyses showed that each schema of moral reasoning was significantly predicted by different concerns about social justice. Furthermore, individuals' judgments about justice were best represented by four factors, offering a broader definition of justice in relation to moral schemas. The findings were consistent with Kohlbergian theory; moral reasoning appears to proceed from concerns about self-interest to distributive fairness to procedural justice. 相似文献
433.
434.
Craig J. Forsyth Ph.D. 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》1998,13(2):67-75
This paper examines the role a sociologist in a capital murder case involving a defendant who was black and a victim who was
a white on-duty police officer. The author of this paper testified in this specific case and has worked as a sociologist in
over 60 capital murder cases. The use of the subculture of violence as mitigation is presented. 相似文献
435.
436.
Domestic violence in intimate relationships is a ubiquitous social problem. This study addresses a gap in the research literature on batterers intervention programs with heterosexual male batterers by evaluating whether or not self-reported attitudes about partner abuse and sexist beliefs could be modified over time as a result of participation in a Batterers Intervention Program (BIP). Using the Inventory of Beliefs about Partner Abuse (IBAPA) to measure attitudes toward domestic violence and the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI) to measure sexist beliefs, results of the study provide empirical support for the notion that participation in BIPs affects the self-reported beliefs about their rights to physically and emotionally abuse their partner. These self-reported scores were adjusted for response bias by the long version of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MCD). Response bias and how it is treated in self-report measures with batterers is also discussed. 相似文献
437.
The predictive accuracy of the newly developed actuarial risk measures Risk Matrix 2000 Sexual/Violence (RMS, RMV) were cross validated and compared with two risk assessment measures (SVR-20 and Static-99) in a sample of sexual (n= 85) and nonsex violent (n= 46) offenders. The sexual offense reconviction rate for the sex offender group was 18% at 10 years follow-up, compared with 2% for the violent offenders. Survival analyses revealed the violent offenders were reconvicted at twice the rate compared to sexual offenders. The RMV significantly predicted violent recidivism in the sex and combined sex/violent offender groups. Although the RMS obtained marginal accuracy in predicting sexual reconviction in the sex offender group, none of the scales significantly predicted sexual reconviction. An item analysis revealed four factors not included in the risk scales that were significantly correlated with sexual and violent reconviction. Combining these factors with Static-99, RMV, and RMS increased the accuracy in predicting sexual reconviction. 相似文献
438.
The black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (L.), is thought to colonize corpses 20-30 days postmortem. However, recent observations indicate this might not be true for all cases. Therefore, we conducted a study examining colonization by the black soldier fly and other Diptera on pig carrion in a plowed field in southern Georgia from 20 September through 21 February. Our data indicate black soldier flies could colonize a corpse within the first week after death. Knowing this information could prevent a serious mistake in estimating the time at which a corpse is colonized by this species. This study also represents the first record of Chrysomya rufifacies in Georgia. 相似文献
439.
Trish?WilliamsEmail author Jennifer?Connolly Debra?Pepler Wendy?Craig 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2005,34(5):471-482
The present study examined the link between sexual orientation and adjustment in a community sample of 97 sexual minority
(gay male, lesbian, bisexual, and questioning) high school students, taking into account their experiences of peer victimization
and social support within peer and family contexts. Adolescents were identified in a large-scale survey study conducted at
5 high schools. They were matched to a comparison sample of their heterosexual peers. Sexual minority adolescents reported
more externalizing behaviors and depression symptoms than heterosexual youth. Compared to their heterosexual peers, sexual
minority youth reported more sexual harassment, more bullying, less closeness with their mothers, and less companionship with
their best friends. There were no significant differences between gay male, lesbian, bisexual, and questioning adolescents.
Overall, both victimization and social support mediated the link between sexual orientation and psychosocial symptoms. Among
sexual minority youth, the link between social support and externalizing was mediated by experiences of peer victimization.
These findings highlight the contextual risk and protective factors associated with non-heterosexual sexual orientation in
accounting for the emotional and behavioral problems in this population.
Ms. Williams completed her M.A. in Clinical-Developmental Psychology at York University in Toronto, Ontario. She is currently
working on her Ph.D. Her research interests include adolescent sexual orientation, adolescent romantic relationships, and
dating violence.
Dr. Connolly is a Professor of Psychology at York University. She received her Ph.D. from Concordia University and is a Registered
Psychologist in the Province of Ontario. Her current research examines adolescent romantic relationships and the peer context.
Dr. Pepler is a Professor of Psychology at York University and Psychologist at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto.
She received her Ph.D. from the University of Waterloo and is a Registered Psychologist in the Province of Ontario. Her current
research examines aggression and victimization among adolescents with a concern to the processes related to these problems
over the lifespan.
Dr. Craig is a Professor of Psychology at Queen's University. She received her Ph.D. from York University and is a Registered
Psychologist in the Province of Ontario. Her current research examines bullying, victimization, aggression, juvenile delinquency,
peer relations, and the development of intervention programs. 相似文献
440.
Political efficacy and trust—among the most frequently used survey measures of general political attitudes—are often maligned for their lack of reliability and validity. This paper reports results from the National Election Studies 1987 pilot study, which included more than thirty-five efficacy and trust items. Five attitudinal dimensions were hypothesized; four emerged clearly. One scale, internal efficacy, is especially robust; a four- to six-item scale represents a considerable improvement on existing NES measures. External efficacy is distinguished from political trust, at least when the former is measured in terms of the fairness of political procedures and outcomes rather than in terms of elite responsiveness to popular demands. Though less decisive, there also is support for dividing trust into incumbent- and regime-based components. The failure to find a similar incumbent- and regime-based distinction for external efficacy is in accord with theoretical perspectives.Revised version of a paper presented at the 1988 Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association. 相似文献