A cross-sectional study on expression of anger and factors associated with criminal recidivism in prisoners with prior offences

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to determine demographical characteristics leading to crime recidivism and define anger levels and anger expression manners for those who re-commit crime. METHOD: All the literate inmates in Izmit Closed Penitentiary were included in this cross-sectional study. The prisoners were asked to respond to State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory. Their socio-demographic data were collected and a questionnaire was given to them to determine their state of imprisonment, sentence, nature of the crime in which they were involved, their criminal history, their relationship with inmates and prison staff and substance and alcohol use. RESULTS: Of the 438 prisoners, 302 (68.9%) responded to the questionnaires. Crime recidivism among the study cohort was observed to be 37.4%. Mean trait anger, anger out and anger in scores were significantly higher in prisoners with criminal recidivism in comparison with those who did not have prior criminal records. However, mean anger control scores for prisoners with or without criminal recidivism were similar. Unemployment, education level completed at secondary school or below, having committed a crime under the influence of alcohol or narcotics, having been involved in prison fights, having resisted police officers, caused damage in their vicinity when angry and violent crimes were all found to be possible causes of criminal recidivism. Educational level completed at secondary school or below, getting into fights with other prisoners, unemployment and resisting police officers were determined to be the strongest indicators to predict criminal recidivism when all variables were considered according to a logistic regression model. CONCLUSION: It can be proposed that those who have problems with officials or hostile towards others constitute a risk group for criminal recidivism. If prisoners with criminal recidivism can be helped to identify and control their anger, their risk of committing a new crime can be minimised.     

美韩同盟再定义与韩国的战略选择:进程与争论

本文系统总结了自2002年底以来美韩同盟再定义的磋商过程,以及双方在驻韩美军基地调整、同盟内部军事安全角色分工、同盟的未来战略构想等三大焦点问题上所取得的实质性进展,认为通过区域扩展和内涵扩展的路径选择,美韩同盟再定义已基本实现利益平衡与威胁平衡的双重目标。通过对美韩全球性战略同盟关系的定位与确认,韩国也由此结束了数年来激烈的外交方向辩论,再度确立了中近期亲美的结盟外交路线,然而有关韩国对外战略的争论不会就此终结。     

环境正义与生态帝国主义:基于美国利益集团政治和全球南北对立的分析

环境正义属于环保中的公平正义,与阶级、种族和收入差距直接相关。环境正义运动起源于美国,突出表现为反对环境种族主义的斗争,与民权运动相关联。本文系统考察了美国环境正义运动的历史及相关的国内外研究文献,并运用美国密执安大学社会研究所的《美国全国选举研究》(ANES)民意测验资料,分析了围绕环境正义问题的美国利益集团和政治意识形态冲突。同时,考察了其他一些国家的环境正义问题以及环境正义问题的国际延伸,即生态帝国主义和围绕环境正义的南北政治意识形态冲突。最后,探讨了环境正义和生态帝国主义议题对中国的启示。     

气候正义的僵局与出路——基于法哲学与经济学的跨学科考察

气候正义涉及复杂的国际法与国内法问题。传统国际法强调主权独立和互不干涉,而应对气候变化必然要求国际社会合作减排。国际合作减排的前提是各国主动放弃部分排放权利,主动承担减排义务。气候变化对整个国际社会造成了极大的危害,由于各国所处地理位置不同,各国所受的负面冲击不尽一致。有些国家必须支出巨额的调整成本以适应变化了的全球气候,而有些国家反而会因气候变化获得短期利益。根据科斯定律初始权利分配原理,气候正义不是简单的排放权的界定与转让问题,它要求运用分配正义与矫正正义原则对不公平分担减排责任的现象进行平衡处理。中国固然应当积极参与国际合作减排,但同时要坚持发展权优先的观点,与工业发达国家展开有理有节的谈判与斗争,争取最大限度地实现矫正正义。     

试论美国对亚太区域合作的战略目标和政策限度

本文认为,亚太区域合作是美国用来阻止东亚地区只包含东亚的一体化进程获得优势的战略。这一战略是相当成功的,不仅保证了美国从东亚不断发展的经济进程中受益,充当着政治和安全事务的主导者,还削弱了地区内的东亚认同,使跨地区的进程压倒了地区内的一体化进程。但是,美国的亚太区域合作政策具有自身的限度,那就是保持跨区域机制的松散、开放性,而不是积极推动一个紧密的亚太共同体形成。这是由其全球秩序利益、结构性制约和紧密共同体方式利大于弊等因素所决定的。因此,美国对于亚太区域合作的参与会是积极的、但同时也是有限的。     

国内进程、不对称互动与体系变化——中国、东盟与东亚合作

本文从中国—东盟关系以及东亚体系文化的转变这一问题出发,试图建立一个地区体系文化转型的理论模型。本文提出,推动地区文化转型的过程有两个:一是地区大国的国内进程,尤其是国内观念和规范层面的变化;二是地区大国与地区其他国家的互动,包括互动内容和互动方式。本文假设,国内政治、经济和社会进程的变化导致地区大国在对外交往中与他者的互动方式和互主身份发生变化,其中最为重要的是地区大国与地区制度主导行为体的关系变化,如果大国在上升过程中能够与该行为体进行不对称互动,让其主导互动过程,并使互动的物质和规范收益向其倾斜,就能与之实现相互认同,并进而在此过程中被地区制度社会化,从而推动建设和平与合作的地区体系文化。本文以中国、东盟与东亚合作为案例对假设进行了验证。     

国家监察法立法的若干问题探讨

国家监察法是国家监督领域的基本法,属于宪法性法律.其调整的关系主要包括:国家监察机关与监察对象的关系、国家监察机关与人民代表机关的关系、国家监察机关与党的纪律检查机关的关系、国家监察机关与司法机关的关系以及国家监察机关内部的关系.为了科学合理地调整这些关系,国家监察法应对国家监察机关的组织、职责、权限和监察手段、监察程序,以及对国家监察机关本身的监督、对国家监察对象合法权益的保障和救济机制进行周密的设计和规范,以保证国家监察机关既有效行使反腐败职能,又防止其滥用权力.     

Currency Swap Against Crisis

By helping their neighbors, Asian economies also help themselves on December 12, the People's Bank of China and the Bank of Korea jointly announced a bilat- eral currency swap arrangement     

The Allegorical Hot Dog Maze?

At Xinjiekou Subway Station, there is a great maze spreading under the center of Nanjing that holds many ilittle shops and stands. Making your way in this subterranean bazaar can easily become confusing for all passing through.     

Extending an Olive Branch

Why the Obama administration is trying to repair relations with the Muslim world After finishing his busy schedule at the G20 summit, the NATO summit, and the summit between the lEuropean Union and the United States, U.S. President Barack Obama arrived in Ankara on April 5 for a two-day visit to