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711.
Purpose
Several studies have observed a relationship between academic achievement and externalizing behaviors, both of which are predictors of delinquency and criminal behavior in adulthood. There is, however, no consensus on an explanation for their co-occurrence. One perspective is that both emerge as a result of a common underlying factor. This study investigates the degree to which the same genetic and environmental factors account for the co-occurrence of these two outcomes.Methods
The sample consists of twins (N = 360) from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey-Kindergarten Class of 1998-1999. Bivariate genetic analyses were conducted to assess the genetic and environmental influence on the relationship between academic achievement and externalizing behaviors during kindergarten.Results
The covariation was due primarily to common shared environmental factors (55-87%), followed by common genetic (8-44%) and nonshared environmental factors (1-13%).Conclusions
Both early academic achievement and externalizing behaviors are partially influenced by the same genetic and environmental factors. The large proportion of covariance attributed to shared environmental influences suggests that identifying and targeting shared environmental factors in prevention and intervention strategies may improve both behavior and academic achievement. 相似文献712.
713.
José L. Barbero José C. Casillas Mike Wright Alicia Ramos Garcia 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》2014,39(2):151-168
Incubators are heterogeneous but there is a lack of understanding of the variety of innovation involved. We use four archetypes of incubator discussed in the literature (basic research, university, economic development and private incubator) and analyze their generation of different types of innovation (product, technological process and organizational innovation) during a 4 years period (2005–2008). In a sample of 80 incubators, we find that incubatees in some types of incubators are more prone to generate product and technological process innovations than those hosted in other types. 相似文献
714.
Dominic A. S. Pearson Cynthia McDougall Mona Kanaan Roger A. Bowles David J. Torgerson 《Journal of Experimental Criminology》2011,7(1):73-102
‘Citizenship’ is a structured probation supervision program based on ‘what works’ principles, designed for offenders on community
orders or licenses supervised within the UK National Probation Service. The program was evaluated using survival analysis
comparing the reconvictions of a cohort of all offenders in one probation area eligible for Citizenship over a 2-year period
(n = 3,819) with those of a retrospective cohort of all eligible offenders in the same probation area receiving ‘traditional’
probation supervision (n = 2,110), controlling for risk related factors. At the 2-year stage, 50% of offenders in the comparison group had reoffended
compared to 41% in the experimental group, and the difference between the survival curves was statistically significant. The
hazard ratio was 0.69, which represents a 31% reduction in reconvictions in the experimental group over the proportion in
the comparison group at any given time. Time to violation of a supervision order or post custody license was also statistically
significantly longer in the experimental group. A key element of the program, promoting contact with community support agencies,
was statistically significantly related to reduced reoffending in the Citizenship group. The overall effects remained after
controlling for differences in risk scores although effectiveness varied by risk level. Contrary to other ‘what works’ research
findings, the program was found to be most effective across the low–medium and medium–high risk thresholds, and was not effective
with the highest risk group. This difference can be explained and is discussed in terms of risk, need, and responsivity principles.
The Citizenship program was found to be cost-beneficial. 相似文献
715.
Anna T. Booth Bradley J. Wright Heather Pearce Claire Ralfs Jennifer E. McIntosh 《Family Court Review》2023,61(2):359-371
Conflicted parental separation is associated with risks to safety and wellbeing for all family members. The Family Law DOORS (FL-DOORS; Detection of Overall Risk Screen) is a standardized screening framework to assist identification, evaluation, and response to family safety risks. The FL-DOORS has previously been validated in two large Australian samples (N = 6089) and found fit-for-purpose as an indicator of family violence and wellbeing risks in separated families. Now, using pilot data from a community mediation context, we examine its utility as a repeated measure for detecting change in safety and wellbeing over time. A pilot cohort of 67 parents engaged in a mediation service for parenting and/or property disputes completed the FL-DOORS at intake (T1) and approximately 8 weeks later (T2). We assessed T1-T2 change scores and correlations in change between variables and used MANOVA to determine if clusters of related scales discriminated change across time. Findings support the psychometric capacity of the FL-DOORS for use as a repeated measure in risk monitoring. We also note possible effects of this early screening process for reducing risk prior to engagement in mediation input. We discuss implementation utility for family law services to monitor change in risk type and magnitude over time. 相似文献