全文获取类型
收费全文 | 659篇 |
免费 | 20篇 |
专业分类
各国政治 | 82篇 |
工人农民 | 1篇 |
世界政治 | 85篇 |
外交国际关系 | 9篇 |
法律 | 275篇 |
中国政治 | 14篇 |
政治理论 | 213篇 |
出版年
2017年 | 9篇 |
2016年 | 5篇 |
2015年 | 4篇 |
2014年 | 20篇 |
2013年 | 36篇 |
2012年 | 28篇 |
2011年 | 26篇 |
2010年 | 28篇 |
2009年 | 31篇 |
2008年 | 27篇 |
2007年 | 22篇 |
2006年 | 21篇 |
2005年 | 30篇 |
2004年 | 17篇 |
2003年 | 12篇 |
2002年 | 7篇 |
2001年 | 3篇 |
2000年 | 9篇 |
1999年 | 8篇 |
1998年 | 9篇 |
1997年 | 10篇 |
1996年 | 13篇 |
1995年 | 14篇 |
1994年 | 13篇 |
1993年 | 15篇 |
1992年 | 13篇 |
1991年 | 18篇 |
1990年 | 11篇 |
1989年 | 14篇 |
1988年 | 11篇 |
1987年 | 16篇 |
1986年 | 10篇 |
1985年 | 8篇 |
1984年 | 14篇 |
1983年 | 11篇 |
1982年 | 10篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1980年 | 12篇 |
1979年 | 13篇 |
1978年 | 11篇 |
1977年 | 9篇 |
1976年 | 7篇 |
1975年 | 8篇 |
1974年 | 5篇 |
1973年 | 5篇 |
1972年 | 5篇 |
1971年 | 5篇 |
1969年 | 3篇 |
1968年 | 4篇 |
1966年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有679条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
591.
592.
Research on links between ethnic diversity and performance frequently illustrates that organizational diversity leads to process-oriented problems and negative work-related outcomes. This can cause problems for public managers who are tasked to increase workforce diversity for normative purposes but are nonetheless required to focus on performance goals. In this study, we test the proposition that managers can improve work-related outcomes in diverse organizations by focusing on stability and allowing diverse groups to 'get to know' one another, a process that should improve communication and coordination difficulties inherent in ethnic diversity. Our results show that the negative relationship between ethnic diversity and organizational performance does indeed lessen with time and stability. 相似文献
593.
The electoral connection in staggered parliaments: Evidence from Australia,France, Germany and Japan 下载免费PDF全文
DAVID M. WILLUMSEN CHRISTIAN STECKER KLAUS H. GOETZ 《European Journal of Political Research》2018,57(3):759-780
This article explores whether differential time horizons in legislative chambers that result from staggered membership renewal affect legislative behaviour. The analysis focuses on patterns of bill initiation and the introduction of amendments in the upper chambers of Australia, France, Germany and Japan – all four of which contain two or more classes of members that face re‐election at different times. Drawing on original comparative data, clear evidence is found of over‐time variation in legislative activity levels in the upper chambers. Approaching elections lead to increased activity levels, with increases in the introduction of bills, but also, to a lesser extent, amending activity. Such variation is found not only for those members facing the most proximate election, but for all members of the chamber. Importantly, there are no significant differences in legislative behaviour between those members up for re‐election and those not facing the electorate in the most proximate election. These patterns are interpreted tentatively as evidence of the paramount importance of political parties in parliamentary systems. 相似文献
594.
NICK C. N. LIN RANDOLPH STEVENSON MATHIAS WESSEL TROMBORG DAVID FORTUNATO 《European Journal of Political Research》2017,56(4):912-940
The assignment of ministerial portfolios to parties is one of the most contested and consequential processes in coalition politics. Accordingly, a great deal of scholarship has investigated how many portfolios different parties obtain in coalition negotiations as well as which parties are assigned which portfolios. However, to our knowledge, no one has ever examined how voters perceive the outcomes of this process – perceptions which must be fundamental to any assessment of policy responsibility in systems with coalition government. This article uses original survey data from four Western European countries to examine voter perceptions of the distribution of cabinet portfolios across parties. In addition to describing the extent to which voters know this distribution, the article also examines whether their perceptions are consistent with a number of different heuristics that voters might use to infer characteristics of the cabinet portfolio distribution. The results suggest that many voters use party role and size heuristics to infer the number of portfolios allocated to different parties as well as an ‘importance rule’, a ‘topical affinity rule’ and a ‘historical regularity rule’ to infer which parties hold which portfolios, but also that a significant number of voters have direct knowledge (not inferred using heuristics) of which parties hold which ministries. 相似文献
595.
DAVID TOKE 《The Political quarterly》2010,81(2):205-212
The Conservatives are pledged to have a free vote in Parliament on legislation in Government time to reverse the 2004 Hunting Act. This Act bans hunting with dogs. The Countryside Alliance has opposed the Hunting Act as part of campaigns to defend its notion of rural interests. The Countryside Alliance's success in gaining the Tory pledge could be underscored by a Tory hope that hunting supporters give decisive support for Tory candidates in marginal Parliamentary constituencies. However, the Tory leadership may find it politically difficult to give early priority to legislative attempts to repeal the Hunting Act. Moreover, it is likely to require a large Tory majority and years of waiting before a Tory government is able and willing to complete a repeal of the hunting ban. 相似文献
596.
DAVID WOODWARD 《The Political quarterly》2008,79(4):618-627
The Growth Report neither addresses the issue of growth and poverty, nor considers the implications of binding constraints on global carbon emissions, which invalidate the argument for global growth as a positive‐sum game. The polarisation of the debate on growth and poverty reflects different perspectives and priorities between economists, environmentalists and development professionals, and the absence of constructive dialogue between them. “Growth or no growth?” is the wrong question. Reconciling poverty eradication and tackling climate change requires us rather to ask what our ultimate objectives are, and how economic policy can best achieve them. 相似文献
597.
598.
THE IMPRISONMENT PENALTY PAID BY YOUNG, UNEMPLOYED BLACK AND HISPANIC MALE OFFENDERS 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A recent study of sentencing decisions in Pennsylvania (Steffensmeier et al., 1998) identified significant interrelationships among race, gender, age, and sentence severity. The authors of this study found that each of the three offender characteristics had significant direct effects on sentence outcomes and that the characteristics interacted to produce substantially harsher sentences for one category of offenders—young black males. This study responds to Steffensmeier et al.'s (1998:789) call for "further research analyzing how race effects may be mediated by other factors." We replicate their research approach, examining the intersections of the effects of race, gender, and age on sentence outcomes. We extend their analysis in three ways: We examine sentence outcomes in three large urban jurisdictions; we include Hispanics as well as blacks and test for interactions between ethnicity, age, and gender; and we test for interactions between race/ethnicity, gender, and employment status. Our results are generally—although not entirely—consistent with the results of the Pennsylvania study. Although none of the offender characteristics affects the length of the prison sentence, each has a significant direct effect on the likelihood of incarceration in at least one of the jurisdictions. More importantly, the four offender characteristics interact to produce harsher sentences for certain types of offenders. Young black and Hispanic males face greater odds of incarceration than middle-aged white males, and unemployed black and Hispanic males are substantially more likely to be sentenced to prison than employed white males. Thus, our results suggest that offenders with constellations of characteristics other than "young black male" pay a punishment penalty. 相似文献
599.
Although recent empirical research questions the conclusion that crime is highest in the lower class, this empirical literature is plagued by limited measures of social class or of crime and by a failure to study systematically the effect of social class on crime in the adult general population. The present work was undertaken in an attempt to rectify many of the inadequacies of the class‐crime research. Self‐report data were collected from a general population of adult residents in a large, midwestern city and were analyzed to assess the effects of a wide range of class measures on crime measures. The overall results produced from a sample of 555 adults demonstrated that regardless of how class or crime were measured, social class exerted little direct influence on adult criminality in the general population. Consistent with research findings from nonself‐report studies, social class was related to criminal involvement for nonwhites. 相似文献
600.
Recent interest in the possible deterrent effects of aggressive or proactive policing raises the issue of such strategies' consequences for individual liberties and police-community relations. This study examines the latter—specifically, the effects of four neighborhood-level measures of an aggressive patrol style on citizens' evaluations of police and citizens' propensities to report crimes. The results suggest that, for most citizens, aggressive patrol has almost no effect on either evaluations or reporting behavior. Surprisingly, one form of proactive patrol, the neighborhood rate of suspicion stops, seems to have a positive effect on the evaluations of police made by young black men. 相似文献