Exploring gender differences in dating violence/harassment prevention programming in middle schools: results from a randomized experiment

In this study, we randomly assigned 123 sixth and seventh grade classrooms from seven middle schools in the greater Cleveland area to one of two five-session curricula addressing gender violence/sexual harassment (GV/SH) or to a no-treatment control group. A baseline survey and two follow-up surveys were administered immediately after the treatment (Wave 2) and about six months post-treatment (Wave 3). In an earlier paper, we demonstrated the effectiveness of two approaches to youth GV/SH prevention programming (a fact-based, law and justice curriculum and an interaction-based curriculum). In this paper, we explored whether these largely positive findings remain for both girls and boys, including whether girls experience higher levels of GV/SH than boys. Most of our statistical models proved to be non-statistically significant. However, in 2 of our 48 victimization/perpetration (any violence, sexual violence and non-sexual violence) models (across two post-intervention follow-up points), we observed that the interventions reduced peer (male or female, non-dating partner) sexual violence victimization and reduced peer perpetration, but another outcome model indicated that the interventions increased dating perpetration. These mixed findings will need to be explored further in future research. Regarding our primary research question, we observed no statistically significant differences for the treatment multiplied by gender interaction terms for any of the perpetration or victimization outcome models, suggesting that the treatment had similar effects on girls and boys. However, we did observe that boys are more involved in violence than girls: both as victims and perpetrators. Boys experienced significantly more of three types of victimization from peers and dating partners compared to what girls experienced at the hands of their peers and dating partners. As perpetrators, boys committed more sexual victimization against peers (immediately post-intervention only) and more sexual victimization against dating partners than girls. The implications of these results are discussed.     

发展我国校车市场的关键路径:立法先行

我国许多城乡地区已经产生了强烈的、刚性的校车服务需求,已具备发展专业校车市场的基本条件。专业校车市场的建立和运行将有助于推动和实现校车的设计、制造、交易、运营、维护、检测、退出、管理等的规范化和制度化,能够为校车交通安全提供可靠保障。然而,校车基本制度的缺失从根本上阻碍了我国校车市场的启动与发展。通过立法对校车进行实质上的准确界定,为校车确定合理可行的运营模式,建立起校车基本制度,才能真正启动与发展我国专业校车市场,为校车交通安全提供可靠保障。     

发达国家城市化历程及其借鉴意义

城市化是指城市的发展壮大,人口由分散的农村向城市集中的社会进步过程。城市化不仅与世界经济和社会发展的进程同步,而且是世界经济和社会发展的重要组成部分和基本标志之一。发达国家人口聚集由"城"到"市",城市群落由点到面,能够有超人预料的发展效果,与实施"政府少干涉或不干涉,主张自由发展"的市场经济制度有关。     

363例重型颅脑损伤患者术后早期治疗分析

目的 观察重型颅脑损伤患者术后早期综合治疗的最佳时间窗.方法 将363例重型颅脑损伤术后患者按病程＜1个月、1～2+个月、2～3+个月及＞3个月分成Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组,分别进行综合治疗.并在入院时和出院时分别进行Glasgow昏迷评分(Glasgow coma scoring, GOS)和Glasgow结果评级(Glasgow outcome scoring, GCS).结果 Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组GOS评分和GCS分级显著优于Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组(P<0.05,或P<0.01);Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组,Ⅲ组与Ⅳ组GOS评分和GCS分级比较,差异无显著性.结论 重型颅脑损伤术后1～2个月早期综合治疗是非常重要的.     

对2009年网络热点事件的传播学解读

网络热点事件是指经由网络媒体发布信息、形成相应舆论进而成为众所关注的热点事件。2009年为数不少的网络热点事件体现了一系列传播学特征：传播迅速,相应的网络语汇得以广泛流播;参与群体明显扩展;大致都有自己的传播规律;折射出受众心理的新的内涵;信息传播的准确性、可靠性不易辨别和确认。这些网络热点事件在传播模式、传播控制、传播效果等层面对既有传播学理论提出了挑战：对既有的传播模式理论有所超越;对“把关人”理论有所突破;对“议程设置”理论有所拓展。     

牛型布氏杆菌苹果酸脱氢酶单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

为制备牛型布氏杆菌(Brucella abortus)苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)单克隆抗体,将牛型布氏杆菌A19菌株的MDH基因进行克隆和表达,表达产物被纯化后作为免疫原,按常规方法免疫BALB/c小鼠。取免疫鼠脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞融合,经亚克隆和间接ELISA筛选,最终获得3株分泌牛型布氏杆菌MDH蛋白单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞,分别被命名为C2、D5和F4。ELISA检测结果表明,3株杂交瘤细胞培养上清的抗体效价为1∶1 600～1∶3 200,小鼠腹水效价为1∶12 800～1∶25 600;Western-blot检测结果表明,3株单克隆抗体均能与牛型布氏杆菌MDH重组蛋白发生特异性反应。结果表明,本研究成功制备了牛型布氏杆菌MDH蛋白单克隆抗体,为基于MDH的布氏杆菌检测方法的建立奠定了基础。     

Discrimination of Geographical Origin of Asian Garlic Using Isotopic and Chemical Datasets under Stepwise Principal Component Analysis

Isotopic compositions of δ²H, δ¹⁸O, δ¹³C, and δ¹⁵N and concentrations of 22 trace elements from garlic samples were analyzed and processed with stepwise principal component analysis (PCA) to discriminate garlic's country of origin among Asian regions including South Korea, Vietnam, Taiwan, and China. Results indicate that there is no single trace‐element concentration or isotopic composition that can accomplish the study's purpose and the stepwise PCA approach proposed does allow for discrimination between countries on a regional basis. Sequentially, Step‐1 PCA distinguishes garlic's country of origin among Taiwanese, South Korean, and Vietnamese samples; Step‐2 PCA discriminates Chinese garlic from South Korean garlic; and Step‐3 and Step‐4 PCA, Chinese garlic from Vietnamese garlic. In model tests, countries of origin of all audit samples were correctly discriminated by stepwise PCA. Consequently, this study demonstrates that stepwise PCA as applied is a simple and effective approach to discriminating country of origin among Asian garlics.     

AN EXAMINATION OF RETAIL CLIENTS’ INVESTOR SUITABILITY RULES IN THE COBS AND THE LESSONS FOR CHINA

Nowadays, the complexity of financial products makes it difficult for retail clients to identify investment risks, and there is an increasing tendency for firms, stipulated by the maximum profits, to recommend or enter into unsuitable transactions to or for retail clients while providing services of investment advice and portfolio management, which causes great losses to a significant number of investors. So, in the contemporary society, the investor suitability rules through which retail clients can purchase suitable financial products are the indispensable legal basis of investor protection. Currently, the regulations concerning investor suitability management in China have several problems, including the chaotic legal system, low effectiveness level and defective contents, which may make it difficult for suitability to be applied in justice and managed effectively. Since the UK’s investor suitability rules in the Conduct of Business Sourcebook that apply to retail clients whose contents include requirements of obtaining retail clients’ information, requirements of information to be provided to retail clients and criteria of assessing suitability are clear and comprehensive, the authors believe that the UK’s experiences can provide a great enlightenment for China to better investor suitability management rules, including integrating legal documents and optimizing effectiveness level, rationalizing application scope, adding criteria of assessing suitability and revising specific clauses.     

国际非政府组织在中国的治理传播

随着全球化的发展和全球性问题的突出,国际非政府组织在全球治理中日益扮演着重要角色,通过在华开展治理传播,已成为向中国展示世界和向世界说明中国的重要窗口。他们一方面在涉及中国民生、环保、社会发展等重要问题上发挥了不可忽视的作用,一定程度上与中国构建和谐社会的目标达成一致;另一方面又往往受制于政策门槛、资金准入、社会参与、自身结构性问题等方面的障碍,活动绩效受到负面影响。     

偏执型精神分裂症患者GRIN1基因-855G/C与-1140G/A位点的遗传多态性

目的探讨GRIN1基因启动子区两个单核苷酸多态性位点-855 G/C、-1140 G/A遗传多态性与偏执型精神分裂症的相关性及法医学意义。方法采用PCR限制性片段长度多态性(restriction fragment length polymorphism,RFLP)结合PAGE法对中国北方汉族183例健康无关个体和172例偏执型精神分裂症患者GRIN1基因5′端的-855 G/C和-1140 G/A位点多态性进行检测,采用χ2检验人群中基因型分布是否符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律,并比较两组人群中基因型和等位基因频率分布的差异。结果两组群体基因型分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律。-855 G/C位点基因型分布在对照组女性和实验组女性间的差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),-1140 G/A位点基因型和等位基因频率分布在对照组和实验组间及两组女性间差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 GRIN1基因启动子区-1140 G/A位点单核苷酸多态性可能与精神分裂症存在相关性;精神分裂症发生的遗传学因素可能存在性别倾向,可为精神分裂症的司法鉴定提供参考。