Vacuum metal deposition: visualisation of gold agglomerates using TEM imaging

Vacuum metal deposition (VMD) is a well-established technique that can be used for the development of latent fingermarks on a range of polymer surfaces, including polyethylene (PE) bags exposed to harsh environmental conditions. The technique has also proved to be effective on difficult semi-porous surfaces such as the polymer banknotes in circulation in Australia and in an increasing number of other countries. VMD is a two-stage technique. In the first stage, a small amount of gold is deposited under high vacuum onto the exhibit. This is then followed by the deposition, onto the gold layer, of a much thicker layer of zinc. Normal VMD development is characterised by zinc depositing all over the surface except on the fingermark ridges themselves. A phenomenon of reverse development (zinc on the ridges but not on the surface) has been reported by many authors. Recent studies indicated that this phenomenon might occur on low-density polyethylene (LDPE) when the amount of deposited gold is above an optimum quantity. The results suggested that the size of the gold agglomerates formed on the surface of the polymer plays a critical role. This preliminary study was aimed at visualising, by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the formation of gold agglomerates on polymer surfaces to gain an appreciation of how the density and size of these agglomerates changes with an increasing amount of evaporated gold.     

外伤后流产23例法医学鉴定回顾性分析

目的分析外伤后流产案例法医学临床鉴定的特点,探究外伤与流产之间的因果关系。方法收集近年中国医科大学法医学院临床法医学教研室外伤后流产法医学鉴定共23例,总结和分析外伤后流产案例的特点。结果23例外伤后流产法医学鉴定例均为早期流产,体表损伤轻微,伤后短时间内出现阴道流血,并在较短时间内流产。高龄孕妇、农村人口和无业人员所占比例大。结论流产原因较多,对于外伤后流产的法医学鉴定案例,只有排除非外伤性因素后,才能认定为外伤性流产;对于不能排除非外伤性流产因素的案例,可根据具体情况分析损伤为流产的主要原因、次要原因或诱因。     

三峡地区新农村建设的制约与突破

受自然条件、发展基础、生态环境、人力资本、思想观念等制约因素的影响,三峡地区新农村建设具有明显的区域特征内涵。对这些制约因素的认识,也是新农村建设的必然要求。文章通过对这些制约因素的分析,认为只有真正认识到制约三峡地区农村经济社会发展各个主要因素的利害性,才能从根本上有针对性地探索到化解这些制约因素的办法。从而加强整个三峡地区农村可持续发展能力,进而实现该地区新农村建设的突破。     

Study: The Lack of Significant Association of the Catechol-O-Methyl Transferase (COMT) Gene Polymorphism in Violent Offenders with Mental Retardation

Abstract:  Little is known about criminality of cognitively impaired people and also there have been no reports on the relationship between catechol- O -methyl transferase (COMT) and committed Mental Retardation (MR) subjects. In the present study, the association between committed (violent offences) MR subjects and genetic variants of COMT were investigated by using polymerase chain reaction and based restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. During 6 years of follow-up, 36 violent offenders with mild MR were investigated. Thirty-six control volunteers were included in the study as a control group. H/L polymorphism of the COMT gene was investigated in these two groups. In conclusion, the COMT gene genotype distribution and allele frequency is not significantly different between the two groups ( p  > 0.05). This result suggests that the H/L polymorphism of the COMT gene does not show an association with the potential of "commits-violent offense" of Turkish subjects with mental retardation, compared with control group.     

论侵犯商业秘密案件中损失数额的认定

侵犯商业秘密案件中,给权利人造成的损失应理解为直接经济损失。认定损失数额可视具体案情采用以下方法：计算被侵权人遭受的直接经济损失;以侵权人在侵权期间因侵权行为所获得的利润为依据认定经济损失;根据商业秘密许可使用费认定被侵权人的损失数额;侵权行为导致商业秘密已为公众所知悉的,应当根据该项商业秘密的商业价值确定损失数额;侵权人采取不正当手段取得商业秘密后尚未获取利益即案发,应根据具体案情使用不同的方法衡量其侵权行为情节轻重。     

浅议秘密侦查措施在洗钱犯罪案件中的适用

洗钱犯罪案件具有隐蔽性、专业性和复杂性等特征,这些特征使得传统侦查措施面临侦查途径选择难、询问难、取证难等一系列困境,难以及时、有效地打击洗钱犯罪。秘密侦查措施在洗钱犯罪案件侦查中既有坚实的法律基础,又在侦查实践中得到了肯定。秘密侦查措施主要包括技术类侦查措施、诱惑类侦查措施和派遣秘密调查人员类侦查措施。这些秘密侦查措施在洗钱犯罪案件的侦破过程中发挥了重要的作用。     

行业协会限制竞争行为的反垄断法规制

行业协会是被我国<反垄断法>规制的主体之一,由于其自身性质和特点,在实践中既可以雏护和规范竞争秩序,也可能成为限制竞争的工具.行业协会的限制竞争行为与一般的经营者相比,还存在隐蔽性强、持续时间长、危害范围广等特点,各国对行业协会的限制竞争行为一般采用了较为严格的规制措施.相比美国、德国、日本等国的反垄断立法,我国<反垄断法>在对行业协会限制竞争行为的规制上存在诸多不足,主要表现为认定标准不明确,行业协会的范围不明晰,豁免制度不完善和法律责任体系不健全等,有必要通过立法对行业协会进行明确界定,并针对存在的问题进行立法完善.     

试论刑事侦查语境下“形迹可疑型自首”的法律认定

形迹可疑型自首是对传统自首的发展,对于便利诉讼和提高诉讼效益具有很大的作用。但对形迹可疑型自首的理解运用学莽却存在分歧。只有将其纳入刑事侦查实践中审视思考。并相应运用刑事法学的相关知识才能对“形迹可疑”,“盘问”等概念做出全面深入的认识理解,以求在司法实践中时各种类型的自首做出准确的法律认定。     

政党外交与国家软实力提升——基于2003—2009年中国共产党重要对外交往活动的考察分析

外交活动是国家软实力建设的重要因素,开展得当能够大大提升国家软实力。政党外交,作为党的事业的重要组成部分,已成为提升国家软实力的重要手段和阵地。通过对十六大以来近7年间中国共产党重要对外交往活动的考察分析,总结中国共产党政党外交在国家软实力提升中的功能以及需注意的相关问题,意义重大。     

关于商法通则中商行为建构的思考

商行为是商法理论的核心问题之一,它是与民事法律行为相联系又相区别的概念。商行为所体现的营利性特征是其独立性的根源,也是商法独立于民法成为民法的特别法的基础。本文从商行为的内涵切入,分析商行为的营利性本质,体现其独立性,并阐述商行为对我国商法理论体系构建之价值和意义。