论企业对雇员的社会责任

企业不能仅仅作为谋求股东利益最大化的工具,而应当负有维护和增进利益相关者(这些利益相关者包括雇员、客户、债权人、社区以及社会公众)的义务.尤其是知识经济的到来,企业的生存、发展与效率越来越依赖于人力资本,企业对雇员承担社会责任是经济发展的客观要求,是公正与效率的表现,有利于促进企业与内外部环境的可持续发展.     

Estimating the degree of ethanol intoxication from analysis of cerebro-cranial hematomas

314 cases of combined cerebro-cranial trauma and posttraumatic intracranial hematomas were identified of which ethanol was detected in 114 hematomas. The other investigative group was 103 hospitalized patients who had hematomas evacuated during neurosurgical procedures. In 62 of these cases ethanol was detected. Blood and urine samples were also collected and the alcohol concentration was determined in all specimens by GC and ADH. The ethanol elimination rate for autopsy and operative intracranial hematomas was approximately 0.07–0.08‰/h(±0.034‰/h). The elimination rate of ethanol from blood (β₆₀) was about two or three times greater as that from hematomas. Because of the different water content of intracranial hematomas from blood, it was necessary to adjust the ethanol concentration for water content. On the basis of the corrected ethanol concentrations and the elimination rates for both tissues it was possible to estimate the ethanol concentration at the time of injury. Intracranial hematomas are tissues of possible value in the determination of alcohol intoxication especially in alcoholism. Ethanol can be found in hematomas even after 72 h from head injury.     

Post-mortem blood alcohol concentration of the traffic accident victims and changes in DUI legislation in Slovenia 1980–2006

This study aims to contribute to the analysis of the impact of alcohol consumption on road traffic safety in Slovenia and to evaluate the effectiveness of the changes in road traffic safety legislation concerning this issue within the period 1980–2006. For this purpose we have performed a retrospective analysis of 1913 autopsy reports on traffic casualties, with an emphasis on their blood alcohol concentration (BAC), mode of participation in traffic (drivers, pedestrians, etc.) and the impact of legislation changes. In addition, we have analysed the relations between BAC, the time and day of death and the gender of victims. Changes in the legislation were made in 1981, 1985, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1998 and 2005, yet only those made in 1981, 1990 and 1998 resulted in the increase of the actual fines. Within the observed period there was a substantial reduction in the average BAC in almost all of the categories of traffic participants (pedestrians: from 1.20 to 0.73; passengers: from 1.08 to 0.56; cyclists: from 1.11 to 0.56; motorcyclists: from 0.68 to 0.33) except in the category of drivers (negligible reduction from 0.81 to 0.76). Insufficient improvement in the latter category is extremely important, because many sober vulnerable traffic participants become victims of drunk drivers. Further concern arises from the finding that heavily drinking drivers are not responsive to penalty increases. We came to the conclusion that, in addition to raising fines and expanding penalty points, the introduction and effective enforcement of complex legislative measures together with wide community action are necessary to resolve DUI problems in Slovenia.     

Law as a Social Construction and Conceptual Legal Theory

Law and Philosophy - A currently popular view among legal positivists is that law is a social construction. Many of the same legal philosophers also argue that before one can study law empirically,...     

From a Cockroach’s Point of View: The Metamorphosis of Perception in Kafka

The article offers a reading of the famous tale by Kafka focused on the consequences triggered by the sudden transformation of Gregor Samsa into an insect. This event constitutes the starting point of a shift that involves phases and components of perception both of the self and of the world as well as the relations among the inner and the external world, the most elementary awareness and feelings and the most complex ones, which are affective, cognitive and related to interactions, expressed with particular emphasis by the dynamics of the spatial dimension of the story. Two discursive paths intersect above all: on one side, the traveling salesman wakes up with the/in the body of cockroach while his soul is the same as always. He will have to try to become cockroach, that is to assume its perceptions and then, slowly, its tastes, its impressions and any other animal sentiment. At the same time, the becoming of Gregorio’s family will be antiphrastic to the one experienced by him: from inept, passive parasites of their akin, as they are depicted at the beginning of the story, his family members will gradually turn into active bourgeoisies full of projects, rejecting Gregory up to eliminate him: they are the ones dehumanizing themselves, while Gregory refines his sensitivity in suffering, even to the sacrifice.     

Regulated and unregulated insider trading around earnings announcements

This paper analyses insider trading behaviour around annual and interim earnings announcements during changing legislative environments in Sweden from 1980 to 2003. Using a unique data set, we are able to explore the nature of insider trading patterns from unregulated to strongly regulated insider trading markets. We find limited evidence of opportunistic insider trading. Insiders seem to be reluctant to sell stocks before positive earnings announcements. They also tend to time their trades in conjunction with an immediate post-announcement period, i.e. “safety trading”, which becomes more evident within stronger legislation environments. Some support for contrarian trading behaviour is also found.

2型糖尿病合并原发性高血压证型分析

目的 观察2型糖尿病合并原发性高血压患者的中医证候分布和演变规律。方法 共收集318例2型糖尿病合并原发性高血压患者的病历资料,对患者的证型进行分析,并按病程分层对证候演变规律进行分析。结果 318例患者中,单纯虚证68例,占21.4%;单纯实证27例,占8.5%;虚实夹杂证223例,占70.1%。病程0～2年者可见以痰(湿)热互结为主的实证,病程2年以上者气阴两虚证最为多见,病程10年以上者多见脾肾阳虚证、阴阳两虚证。随着病程延长,血瘀证逐渐增多。结论 随着病程进展,2型糖尿病合并高血压的证型由热盛津伤、痰热互结逐渐向肝肾阴虚、气阴两虚、脾肾阳虚、阴阳两虚证转化,血瘀证、痰浊证是贯穿于整个病程的常见兼夹证。     

“善治“:儒家伦理思想的现代治理意义

儒家伦理思想从社会个体入手 ,层层展开 ,由个体推及社会直至国家 ,终极目标在于社会的稳定和谐。把这种从个体到全体渐次推进 ,同时强调各要素之间协调互动的方法论从道德领域引入政治领域 ,不难发现其内在机制与目前西方学者正致力于研究“善治”有契合之处。目前我国社会资本下降 ,导致重重社会危机 ,挖掘儒家伦理思想中深刻的理论资源 ,对于我们消弭这种危机 ,实现社会“善治”有着深刻的方法论意义和资源意义。