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971.
Megan H. Bair-Merritt William C. Holmes John H. Holmes Jamie Feinstein Chris Feudtner 《Journal of family violence》2008,23(5):325-332
We sought to determine whether intimate partner violence (IPV) risk factors differed depending upon the presence of children
in the home, and to estimate the annual prevalence of IPV first in the general population and then in homes with and without
children. We analyzed data from a cross-sectional random sample of 6,836 women in southeastern Pennsylvania interviewed by
telephone in 2004. The magnitude of association between IPV and risk factors varied between homes with and without children
for women’s alcohol problems (with children, odds ratio (OR) 7.7; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.9, 20.9; without children,
OR 2.4; 95% CI 0.9, 6.0), and mental health problems (with children, OR 4.0; 95% CI 1.8, 8.9; without children, OR 3.0; 95%
CI 1.6, 5.7). Poverty was significantly associated with IPV only in homes without children (OR 3.6; 95% CI 1.9, 7.2). Annual
IPV prevalence was 1.2% overall, 1.4% in homes with children, and 1.1% in homes without children. One in 63 children lived
in a home with IPV. Differences in IPV risk factors in homes with and without children suggest distinct underlying IPV mechanisms
or consequences in these contexts. 相似文献
972.
973.
Emily DeCoster-Martin William U. Weiss Robert D. Davis Cary D. Rostow 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》2004,19(2):64-71
As a general rule, pathologies tend to impair job performance. In a study involving performance criteria and the Personality
Assessment Inventory in a sample of Louisiana police officers (N=800), OCD characteristics correlated significantly in a negative
direction with several performance criteria, such as involvement in an on-duty or off-duty at fault moving violation, number
of on-duty or off-duty at fault moving violations, any citizen complaints regarding unprofessional conduct, number of unprofessional
conduct, and accusation in any way of racially offensive conduct, behavior, verbalization, or complaints. It has been found
that the traits of obsessive-compulsive disorder, in moderation, may actually improve performance in police officers. This
agrees with the Yerkes-Dodson law, which states that peak performance occurs when a person experiences mild to moderate levels
of stress.
Authors' Note: Emily DeCoster-Martin was an undergraduate psychology major at The University of Evansville at the time this paper was written.
William U. Weiss, Ph.D., is a professor in the Department of Psychology, The University of Evansville, 1800 Lincoln Av., Evansville,
IN 47722. Robert D. Davis, Ph.D., is executive vice-president and director of science, research, and development for Matrix,
Inc., Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Cary Rostow, Ph.D. is president of Matrix, Inc. 相似文献
974.
975.
The present 4-year follow-up study involves 56 mothers who were evaluated by social agencies as being abusive and neglectful or at high risk for child abuse and neglect. The aim of the study is to analyze the relationship between psychosocial risk factors (relating to the history and current situation of the mothers) that were present at the time the families were initially recruited and the fact that some of the mothers continue to show a high potential for child abuse and neglect (chronic abuse and neglect), whereas others were able to overcome the problem (transitory abuse and neglect). Results indicate that the following variables are particularly associated with situations involving chronic problems of abuse and neglect: initial level of severity of potential for abuse and neglect; dual-parent status; a large number of children at the time of intervention (3.13 times more risk of chronicity for large families); the fact that as a child the mother herself had been placed in a foster home (3.7 times more risk); that she had been sexually abused (3.5 times more risk); and that as an adolescent she had run away from home (3.02 times more risk). Our results indicate that mothers who have a combination of more than eight risk factors are four times more likely to be in the chronic group. 相似文献
976.
Sue-Ellen Kjeldal 《Critical Criminology》2004,12(3):265-284
Human judgment and decision making has been demonstrated by several contemporary researchers to be comprised of both rational and emotive/intuitive cognitive systems; a single decision can involve both rational thinking and intuition. In the present article, a narrative approach is utilized to analyze the Susan Smith case, and this is interlaced with contemporary decision theory in an attempt to more fully understand the seemingly nonrational act (murder/attempted suicide) committed by Susan Smith in October, 1994. The ethical, legal and social implications of using an approach of this nature are discussed. 相似文献
977.
978.
Rögnvaldur Hannesson 《The Review of International Organizations》2010,5(4):461-474
It is analyzed how size differences among countries affect the benefits from climate coalitions. It is shown that size differences
lead to smaller coalitions and greater benefits than coalitions among identical countries. The importance of trigger strategies
for supporting cooperative solutions is considered. A real world example, based on the world’s six largest emitters, is used
to illustrate the implications of size differences in terms of emissions versus valuations of benefits. Climate coalitions
become smaller when ranking in terms of benefits is different from ranking in terms of emissions. Three cases of benefit valuations
are considered: benefits equal (i) share in world emissions, (ii) share in world GDP, and (iii) share of world population. 相似文献
979.
Gwladys Gilliéron Martin Killias 《European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research》2008,14(2-3):333-352
The criminal justice system of Basel is described as a cantonal example for Switzerland. Special attention is paid to the Prosecution Service Function within this framework and its relationship to police and courts. The article not only refers to legal provisions but to the factual handling of criminal cases as well. 相似文献
980.
Yougen Li 《Frontiers of Law in China》2010,5(1):27-55
Chinese trademark law has established the cross-category protection system of well-known trademarks based on the confusion
theory. The system, however, has many problems in practice and does not fulfill completely the needs for protecting well-known
trademarks. Consequently, when hearing trademark cases, some judges have abandoned the confusion theory instead of using the
dilution theory in judging well-known trademarks. Through analysis on 100 judgments concerning well-known trademark cases,
it can be seen that the influence of the dilution theory on the ruling of trademark cases is increasing. Certain conditions
should first be satisfied when introducing the dilution theory to rule trademark cases: Firstly, the contents of the dilution
theory shall be grasped as correctly as possible to avoid plausible understanding; secondly, the application of the dilution
theory shall adopt the existing institutional criteria as much as possible by full use of the leeway of interpretation provided
by the existing system. 相似文献