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41.
Danielle Morin 《Canadian public administration. Administration publique du Canada》2004,47(2):141-164
Abstract: The practice of value‐for‐money legislative audits was conceived to improve the management of public programs by making it more economical, more effective, and more efficient. To what extent have auditors general achieved this objective in the past twenty‐five years since the inception of the value‐for‐money audit (VFMA)? The literature on VFMA has been silent on its actual impact on public administrations. This article examines the impact VFMAS have had on the management of organizations in the government of Quebec based on a new survey model of inquiry. Of the variables measured were the value VFMAS bring to the organizations audited; the relevance of the recommendations formulated by the auditors; the deterrent of potential audits on public‐sector managers; the changes that occurred in the audited organization's management practices and in its relations with its stakeholders; the ways in which the auditors' report has been useful to the auditees; the concrete actions taken following VFMAS; and, finally, the organizational and personal consequences of the audits. Sommaire: La vérification législative de l'optimisation des ressources (VOR) est une pratique qui a été conçue pour améliorer la gestion des programmes publics en la rendant plus économique, plus efficace et plus efficiente. Dans quelle mesure les Vérificateurs généraux ont‐ils atteint cet objectif au cours des vingt‐cinq années qui ont suivi l'avènement de cette pratique? La recherche sur la VOR a passé sous silence l'impact réel de cette pratique sur les administrations publiques. Le présent article examine l'impact des VOR sur le managerisme des organismes du gouvernement du Québec d'après un nouveau modèle d'enquête. Les variables mesurées étaient les suivantes:la valeur que les VOR apportent aux organismes vérifiés; la pertinence des recommandations formulées par les vérificateurs; l'effet dissuasif de vérifications potentielles sur les gestionnaires du secteur public; les changements intervenus dans les pratiques de gestion de l'organisme vérifié et dans ses relations avec ses parties prenantes; la manière dont le rapport des vérificateurs a été utile aux entités vérifiécs; les mesures concrètes prises à la suite des VOK; et enfin, Ics conséquences organisationnelles et personnelles des vérifications. 相似文献
42.
Prevalence differences in depressive symptoms between the sexes typically emerge in adolescence, with symptoms more prevalent
among girls. Some evidence suggests that variation in onset and progression of puberty might contribute to these differences.
This study used a genetically informative, longitudinal (assessed at ages 12, 14, and 17) sample of Finnish adolescent twins
(N = 1214, 51.6% female) to test whether etiological influences on depressive symptoms differ as a function of pubertal status.
These tests were conducted separately by sex, and explored longitudinal relationships. Results indicated that pubertal development
moderates environmental influences on depressive symptoms. These factors are more important on age 14 depressive symptoms
among more developed girls relative to their less developed peers, but decrease in influence on age 17 depressive symptoms.
The same effects are observed in boys, but are delayed, paralleling the delay in pubertal development in boys compared to
girls. Thus, the importance of environmental influences on depressive symptoms during adolescence changes as a function of
pubertal development, and the timing of this effect differs across the sexes. 相似文献
43.
Danielle Boisvert John Paul Wright Valerie Knopik Jamie Vaske 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》2012,28(3):477-507
Low self-control has emerged as a consistent and strong predictor of antisocial and delinquent behaviors. Using the twin subsample of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), genetic analyses were conducted to examine the genetic and environmental contributions to low self-control and offending as well as to their relationship with one another. The results revealed that low self-control and criminal behaviors are influenced by genetic and nonshared environmental factors with the effects of shared environmental factors being negligible. In addition, the co-variation between low self-control and criminal behaviors appears to be largely due to common genetic and nonshared environmental factors operating on both phenotypes. The implications of these findings on the current understanding of Gottfredson and Hirschi??s general theory of crime are discussed. 相似文献
44.
An increase in adolescent distress and mental health symptoms has been clearly documented since the COVID-19 pandemic, as has increased exposure to adverse childhood experiences. Layer on top of these stressors being a youth of divorcing or separating high conflict families, and adolescent symptomatology can suddenly become a flashpoint for parental attention, division and conflict. Approaching cases using an ecological and family systems framework is necessary for accurate conceptualization and assessment of best interests in the context of child custody evaluations. Doing so ensures that adolescent mental health does not become a red herring in high conflict cases, leading to undue focus on the adolescent's mental health without considering other salient factors in the case, such as the broader parent conflict. Programs offered at the Center of Excellence for Children, Families & the Law at William James College designed to improve the lives of youth by addressing parental conflict are described. 相似文献
45.
46.
This research partially tests Akers’ social structure-social learning theory (SSSL). The data was collected online through a self-report questionnaire and nearly half (48.8%) of the sample of 812 college students reported visiting a porn site. To better understand this self-report behavior, bivariate correlations and three binary logistic regression analyses were conducted. In Model A, participants who were male, Hispanic, had more years in college, and more inclined toward homosexuality had an increased likelihood of visiting a porn site. In Model B, again, gender, ethnicity, year in school, and the sexuality scale were significant predictors. However, race appeared as significant for the first time along with number of sex partners, and frequency of masturbation, indicating that participants who were Black, had a greater number of sexual partners, and masturbated more frequently had an increased likelihood of visiting porn site. As with the first and second models, gender, race, sexuality scale, and frequency of masturbation were significant predictors in Model C. Additionally, differential peer association, differential reinforcement, and definitions favorable were significant, indicating that participants who had greater association with peers who viewed porn, who had observed someone watching porn and decided to mimic their behaviors, and who had defined visiting porn sites favorably had an increased likelihood of visiting a porn site. Overall, Akers’ SLT variables fully mediated ethnicity, year in school, and number of sex partners, but it only partially mediated gender, race, and sexuality scale. 相似文献
47.
48.
This paper provides an investigation of presentations of police and policing activities in two purposively selected contemporary
prime-time entertainment justice shows and one reality-based justice show. With the exception of being portrayed as overly
successful, television police were portrayed closely to real-life police in terms of their gender, racial composition, organization,
tasks, role, and response to crime. As such, prime-time television may aid viewers in better understanding the role of police
in American society by providing a basic orientation to police and police work through its mediated presentations. Further
research is needed involving a more encompassing sample of prime-time justice shows for more generalizable conclusions to
be asserted. 相似文献
49.
Danielle Sneyd M.A. Nadja Schreiber Compo Ph.D. Jillian Rivard Ph.D. Michelle Pena Ph.D. Stephanie Stoiloff M.S. Gabriel Hernandez M.S. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2020,65(5):1507-1516
The current study examined the potential for cognitive bias in lay examiners' comparisons of footwear impressions within the technical review process while addressing limitations of previous research. Prior research has found inconsistent results regarding the extent to which cognitive bias may influence forensic comparisons, often asking non-experts to review forensic stimuli above their competency level. Furthermore, past research has largely ignored the potential for cognitive bias during the technical review process. In collaboration with the Miami-Dade Police Department's Forensic Services Bureau, we examined the effects of previous examiners' level of experience and prior knowledge of the previous examiner's decision on the technical review stage of footwear impression stimuli. Before lay examiners were presented with pairs of known match and nonmatch footwear impressions, they were either told that an expert or a novice had previously examined them and determined them to be either a match, nonmatch, or inconclusive (plus a no-information condition). Participants then evaluated each pair of footwear impressions to make their own determinations of match, nonmatch, or inconclusive. Results support the technical review process for all decision types, as known nonmatch stimuli were generally more difficult for lay examiners to assess than known match stimuli. Knowledge of a prior examiner's decision and status was observed only when the prior decision was inconclusive, suggesting the need for inclusion of inconclusive decisions in future research examining cognitive bias in forensic examination. 相似文献
50.