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971.
Bruce J. Arneklev Harold G. Grasmick Robert J. Bursik Jr. 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》1999,15(3):307-331
According to Gottfredson and Hirschi's (1990) A General Theory ofCrime, all illegal activity is the manifestation of a single underlyingcause. The authors argue that inadequate child-rearing causes individualsto develop a similar type of propensity for criminal and analogousbehavior. Gottfredson and Hirschi label this characteristiclow self-control. Six dimensions, which can be identified intheir theory, are suggested to comprise a final low self-controltrait. Further, low self-control is proposed to be an invariantcharacteristic (i.e., its form does not change with the age of theindividual or context in which the person resides). In this research, weevaluate these two propositions. First, the six dimensions are measured andused to determine if a multidimensional model can explain another commonfactor—low self-control—in two samples of individuals (fromdifferent locales) with dissimilar mean ages. Second, low self-control inboth samples is tested for invariance. We test the proposed invariance oflow self-control by examining if the parameter values in a model, which isreflective of Gottfredson and Hirschi's conceptualization of thecharacteristic, differ across the two samples of individuals. The resultssupport both of Gottfredson and Hirschi's propositions. Lowself-control does appear to be a multidimensional characteristic whosedimensions represent another common factor. Low self-control also appears tobe an invariant latent trait that members of these two samplespossess. These tests help to clarify Gottfredson and Hirschi'sconceptualization of low self-control. 相似文献
972.
Walter P 《Issues in law & medicine》1999,14(4):357-373
In this article, the author compares and contrasts the notion of informed consent in medical decision making in the Western legal system with the traditional Jewish biblical legal system. Walter critically examines the philosophical underpinnings of disease and medical healing in both legal systems, and describes the practical consequences that emanate from the different ideologies in terms of the individual's rights of choice of treatment. She explains that the Western system is predicated on notions of individual autonomy and self determination. Patients therefore have the autonomous ability to select and direct their own medical therapy. By contrast, the traditional biblical system of law is based on the concept that the body does not belong to the individual. Instead, the body is given to man by God as a trust to respect and preserve. Therefore, the individual patients "has no absolute right to control his body and ... he has no real decision making power as to medical treatment choices." In the Jewish biblical tradition, consent is not necessary for obviously beneficial or obviously non-beneficial procedures; consent is only necessary in decisions with uncertain outcomes or when making choices between equal options. Patients are encouraged to seek the counsel of religious authorities and to conform to rabbinical interpretations of the traditional Jewish law. 相似文献
973.
Juvin P Brion F Teissière F Durigon M 《The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology》1999,20(1):10-12
In this article, we describe an unusual case of suicide involving a gunshot wound to the left ventricle. The victim engaged in premortem activity that was both prolonged and methodical. This report stresses the importance of a complete investigation to distinguish such case from an homicide. 相似文献
974.
975.
976.
Law and Human Behavior - 相似文献
977.
The Fx5 Fibre Finder has been developed by Foster & Freeman Ltd to automatically search tape lifts for coloured fibres specified by the operator. Experiments and casework studies have been conducted to assess primarily the performance of the instrument but also, where possible, to compare it with manual searching. Tape lifts have always been manually searched at this laboratory and it is a laborious task. The use of a machine such as the Fx5 would release a scientist from many hours of low power microscopy to be free for other duties and therefore could be a valuable labour saving device in forensic textile examination. 相似文献
978.
James L. Williams Daniel G. Rodeheaver Denise W. Huggins 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》1999,23(2):223-246
This study reports findings from an evaluation of a new generation jail in a large southwestern state. The jail is one component
of a complex containing a traditional jail, an indirect supervision facility (barracks), and the new generation jail. Using
survey and operational data, we compare the new generation jail to the other two facilities. The findings provide generally
positive support for the effectiveness of the new generation jail. Inmates and staff were much more satisfied with the physical
facilities. Staff perceived it as more secure, though they reported only limited advantages in safety and security. Violence
and disciplinary problems were substantially lower. However, no savings in staffing levels were noted, nor were there differences
in job satisfaction for staff in the new generation jail. We discuss the implications of the findings and suggest additional
directions for jail evaluations. 相似文献
979.
980.
John P. Burns 《当代中国》1999,8(20):67-87
As a result of its autonomy from society and institutional integrity, both legacies of British colonialism, the transition of the Hong Kong civil service to Chinese rule has been smooth. To accommodate continuing changes to state‐society relations, however, the civil service must begin sharing power with society to ensure stability. This paper examines changes in the state‐society and inter‐state sectors since the 1 July 1997 handover. 相似文献