District Judges and Possession Proceedings

In this article, we draw on data obtained in interviews with District Judges about the factors which they say influence the exercise of their discretion in possession proceedings. Analysing the data set enabled us to create three ideal types of judicial decision—making which we have labelled 'liberal', 'patrician', and formalist'. We discuss the differences between each ideal type across five different variables: the District Judge role; approach; view of occupiers; the problem; behaviour of occupiers. Our data demonstrate a set of reasons to explain different approaches and outcomes between different District Judges (as well as the perhaps unlikely identification of a 'maverick' or 'idiosyncratic' style of judging). We conclude by suggesting on the basis of our data that, despite calls to structure or remove the discretion from District Judges, any such changes are unlikely to have much effect.     

Model of a social research function for social programming organizations

Abstract. A specific model of objectives, organization structure, and typical procedures of a social research branch cf a provincial government department is presented. The objectives refer to identification of needs, program evaluation, and program-planning assistance. The organization structure emphasizes the types of staff positions used and four organizational characteristics which appear to account for the success of the relationship between the branches of the department. Three general procedures are described as typical to a social research unit. It is concluded that the model can be integrated within a planning function, that it is limited, and that the research data and strategies have proved useful within and outside the department. Sommaire. Un modèle particulier est présenté concernant les objectifs, la structure d'organisation, et les procédures typiques à un service de recherche sociale d'un département d'un gouvernement provincial. Les objectifs se résument à l'identification des besoins, l'évaluation des programmes, et l'aide à la planification des programmes. Les points importants de la structure d'organisation sont les types de positions du personnel et quatres caractéristiques organisationnelles qui ont semblées ètre à I'erigine du succès de la relation entre les services du département. Treis procédures générales et typiques du service de recherche sociale sont décrites. Il est conch que le modèle peut faire partie d'un service de planification, que le modèle n'est pas toujours applicable, et que les données et les stratégies de recherche furent utiles au département de même qu'à d'autres organisations.     

Making future leaders in the US intelligence community: challenges and opportunities

This article explores what factors are important in developing the future leaders of the US intelligence community in the post-9/11 security environment. It surveys traditional leadership theory to assess whether any of its perspectives are applicable to understanding leadership in the intelligence context. It argues, that although some leadership theory may be applicable, the intelligence studies field may be better served by developing its own body of leadership theory. Second, any leadership theory needs to consider together the two synergistic components of intelligence leadership: personal leadership development and the ability to lead organization reform. Furthermore, the role of intelligence governance may be the most critical factor in promoting better leaders of US intelligence agencies and the broader community.     

Epistemic Communities and Environmental Groups

This article contests the view that environmental groups act mainly as megaphones for scientists. It asserts that environmental groups have an independent, often dominant role, in shaping norms that govern environmental policy.
The theory of epistemic communities, as advanced by Haas, is analysed in the context of the whaling and CFC/ozone depletion issues. It is found that the alleged role of epistemic communities as legitimate bearers of truth has been exaggerated and that we need to develop environmental policy in a context of 'post positivism'.