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151.
Body mass has been neglected as a possible predictor of suicidal behavior. The present investigation explores the association between body mass index and completed suicide. Data are from the National Mortality Followback Survey and refer to 373 suicides, and 518 deaths from motor vehicle accidents as controls. The results of a logistic regression analysis indicated that, for females, the greater the BMI the greater the suicide risk. However, this relationship did not hold up under controls for race and other covariates of BMI. For males, the BMI was not significantly related to suicide risk either at the bivariate or multivariate levels of analysis. The best predictors of suicide were living alone for females, and alcohol abuse for males. 相似文献
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Mitchell Hobbs Hannah Della Bosca David Schlosberg Chao Sun 《Journal of Public Affairs (14723891)》2020,20(2)
This article uses social media network analysis (SMNA) to examine whether there was an astroturfing campaign on Twitter in support of the Adani Carmichael coal mine in 2017. It shows that SMNA can be used to visualize and analyze outsider lobbying activity in issue arenas and is capable of identifying networks of fake opinion. This study found that in April 2017, there was a small network of accounts that made a series of suspiciously similar pro‐Adani tweets that could be considered a form of duplicitous lobbying. However, this study concludes that these posts were likely a weak influence on public opinion in Australia and largely ineffectual as a lobbying tactic. Nevertheless, this analysis shows how communitas public interests can be subverted by covert social media campaigns used in support of corporatas goals, as well as the role digital research methods can play in protecting the integrity on public debates by exposing disingenuous actors. 相似文献
156.
The Journal of Technology Transfer - Despite the growing interest in understanding innovative activities, an important limitation of the current literature on innovation—both public and... 相似文献
157.
Parenting Coordination is a “hybrid legal‐mental health role that combines assessment, education, case management, conflict management, dispute resolution and, often times, decision‐making functions (AFCC, 2019, https://www.afccnet.org/Portals/0/PublicDocuments/Guidelines%20for%20PC%20with%20Appendex.pdf?ver=2020-01-30-190220-990 ). This article addresses issues that arise when the case has allegations or findings of intimate partner violence (IPV). Considerations of the type of IPV, the severity, timing, perpetrator and effects on coparenting are discussed in the context of the parenting coordinator's role. Through screening and assessment, we differentiate the kinds of cases with the presence of IPV where a PC may be effective as opposed to other IPV cases that may not predict success for retaining a PC. 相似文献
158.
Breana N. Peace M.S. James T. Pokines Ph.D. Peter M. Cummings M.Sc. M.D. Allen G. Harbaugh Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2020,65(5):1416-1423
Hacking trauma is prevalent in forensic cases involving genocide and dismemberment, but research into the identification of this type of trauma is lacking. The present study examines characteristics of hacking and blunt force skeletal trauma in order to determine if there is a point at which blunt force trauma becomes distinguishable from hacking trauma. Ten implements with a range of blade angles (i.e., the striking surface of the implement) were used in conjunction with a controlled-force hacking device to impact 100 limb bones of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Observations of the trauma included the occurrence and degree of fragmentation, the entrance widths of the impacts, and composite scores of six hacking characteristics, especially the distinctive V-shaped kerf. ANOVA tests and regression analyses were used to assess the relationships between these characteristics and the blade angles. A significant relationship (p-value = 0.011) was found between the composite hacking scores and the blade angles, indicating that blunt force and hacking trauma can be distinguished. The entrance widths of the impacts exhibited a significant relationship with the blade angles (p-value = 0.037). There was also a significant relationship between the visibility of a V-shaped kerf in the bones (p-value = 0.003), with visibility decreasing around the 60° blade angle. These data should assist in establishing guidelines to differentiate hacking and blunt force skeletal trauma in cases where the implement is on a spectrum between sharp and blunt. 相似文献
159.
Lila Kazemian David P. Farrington Marc Le Blanc 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(3):384-400
This study consists of a comparative analysis of patterns of de-escalation between ages 17–18 and 32, based on data from two
well-known prospective longitudinal studies, the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development (a study of 411 working-class males
in London) and the Montreal Two Samples Longitudinal Study (a sample of 470 adjudicated French-Canadian males). Analyses focus
on within-individual change, with individuals serving as their own controls. In this regard, the magnitude of measured change
is relative to the past degree of involvement in offending. These results are contrasted with predictors of between-individual
differences in offending behavior at age 32. We investigate the respective roles of cognitive predispositions and social bonds
in the prediction of patterns of de-escalation, and assess whether it is possible to make relatively long-term predictions
(over a 15-year period) about offending in adulthood. Findings suggest that traditional measures of social bonds and cognitive
predispositions measured at age 17–18 are generally weak predictors of de-escalation up to age 32. However, these measures
are stronger predictors of between-individual differences in offending gravity. These findings highlight the difficulties
in making accurate long-term predictions about changes in individual offending patterns early in the criminal career.
Lila Kazemian is an assistant professor in the Department of Sociology at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice. She received her Ph.D. in Criminology from the University of Cambridge. Her research interests include life-course and developmental research, desistance from crime, comparative criminology, and offender reentry. David P. Farrington Farrington is a professor at the Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge. He received his Ph.D. in Psychology from the University of Cambridge. His research interests include criminal career research, juvenile delinquency, violent offending, and crime prevention. Marc Le Blanc is an emeritus professor in the Department of Psychoeducation at Université de Montréal. He received his Ph.D. in Criminology from Université de Montréal. His research interests include criminological theory, longitudinal research, juvenile justice, and intervention among juvenile delinquents. 相似文献
Marc Le BlancEmail: |
Lila Kazemian is an assistant professor in the Department of Sociology at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice. She received her Ph.D. in Criminology from the University of Cambridge. Her research interests include life-course and developmental research, desistance from crime, comparative criminology, and offender reentry. David P. Farrington Farrington is a professor at the Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge. He received his Ph.D. in Psychology from the University of Cambridge. His research interests include criminal career research, juvenile delinquency, violent offending, and crime prevention. Marc Le Blanc is an emeritus professor in the Department of Psychoeducation at Université de Montréal. He received his Ph.D. in Criminology from Université de Montréal. His research interests include criminological theory, longitudinal research, juvenile justice, and intervention among juvenile delinquents. 相似文献
160.
This study explores the emergence of a criminal career in adulthood. The main hypothesis tested is that late criminal onset
(at age 21 or later) is influenced by early factors that delay antisocial manifestations. The Cambridge Study in Delinquent
Development (CSDD) was used to examine early determinants of criminal behavior. 400 Inner London males were followed from
ages 8–10 to 48–50, and were classified as follows: 35 late onsetters who were first convicted at age 21 or later, and did
not have high self-reported delinquency at ages 10–14 and 15–18; 129 early onsetters first convicted between ages 10 and 20;
and 236 unconvicted males. Odds ratios and logistic regression analyses revealed that the best predictors of late onset offenders
compared with early onset offenders included nervousness, having few friends at ages 8–10, and not having sexual intercourse
by age 18. The best predictors of late onset offenders compared with nonoffenders included teacher-rated anxiousness at ages
12–14 and high neuroticism at age 16. It is concluded that being nervous and withdrawn protected boys against offending in
adolescence but that these protective effects tended to wear off after age 21. These findings show that adult offending can
be predicted from childhood, and suggest that early intervention might prevent a variety of maladjustment problems and difficulties
in adult life.
相似文献
David P. Farrington (Corresponding author)Email: |