Acid phosphatase screening — Wetting test paper or wetting fabric and test paper?

Detecting and locating semen stains is addressed by identifying the associated acid phosphatase activity of semen. The recovery of semen stains is critical as it can, via DNA testing, address the possible source(s) of the semen and may aid in the interpretation of a case. The purpose of these experiments, carried out on behalf of the Body Fluids Forum, was to consider whether wetting the test paper alone or wetting the semen stained fabric and the test paper affected the detection and location of the semen stains on various fabric types, or the subsequent recovery of spermatozoa from these fabrics. It became evident that the preferred approach varied depending on the fabric type being tested but that more often than not, wetting both the fabric and the test paper had a detrimental effect on the recovery of spermatozoa.     

De-canting ‘Trafficking in Human Beings’, Re-centring the State

Contemporary liberal states are eager to combat ‘human trafficking’, which state actors describe as ‘the scourge of modern slavery’ and a violation of human rights. The same states are also depriving migrants of their freedom on an unprecedented scale through immigration detention, forcibly moving them across borders through deportation, and sustaining a flourishing industry in the prevention and control of human movement. This is not a paradox. The ambition to eradicate ‘slavery’, as much as the desire to severely restrict freedom of movement, reflects a concern to preserve and extend state powers, in particular its monopoly on violence and on the control of mobility.     

Fatal Intoxication with α‐PVP,a Synthetic Cathinone Derivative

This study presents the fatal case of a young man who was admitted to the ICAU due to sudden cardiac arrest. An interview revealed that the patient had taken some unspecified crystals. From the moment of admission, his condition deteriorated dramatically as a result of increasing circulatory insufficiency. After a few hours, sudden cardiac arrest occurred again and the patient was pronounced dead. In the course of a medicolegal autopsy, samples of biological material were preserved for toxicology tests and histopathological examination. The analysis of samples using the LC‐MS/MS technique revealed the presence of α‐PVP in the following concentrations: blood—174 ng/mL, urine—401 ng/mL, brain—292 ng/g, liver—190 ng/g, kidney—122 ng/g, gastric contents—606 ng/g. The study also presents findings from the parallel histopathological examination. Based on these findings, cardiac arrest secondary to intoxication with alpha‐PVP was determined as the direct cause of the patient's death.     

Driving growth: Regulatory reform and expressways in Indonesia

This article uses the case study of Indonesian governments' attempts to construct a 1,000 kilometer toll road through the densest parts of Java to shed light on how governments with a checkered past of enforcing contracts and protecting private property rights go about establishing the requisite regulatory framework to attract private investment for infrastructure. While regulatory reform has taken place in Indonesia, vested interests and power will keep the country's political economy from taking on World Bank-promoted best practice characteristics. Programs that promote private sector participation in infrastructure need to be reconsidered where the main ingredients for these programs' success exist in small measures.     

The legal status of the Jews in England 1190–1790∗

A History of Private Law in Europe. FRANZ WIEACKER (trans, by Tony Weir; foreword by Reinhard Zimmermann). Oxford. 1995. Clarendon Press, xviii + 509 pp. (incl. Indexes). £55 hb. ISBN 0 19 825861 5.

Introduction historique au droit des personnes et de lafamille. ANNE LEFEBVRE‐TEILLARD. Paris: Puf. 1996. 475 pp. FF 149. ISBN 2 13 047891 3.

’lus principale’ e ‘catholica lex.’ Dal Teodosiano agli editti su Calcedonia. E. DOVERE. Napoli. 1995. Jovene (Pubblicazioni del Dipartimento di Diritto romano e storia della scienza romanistica dell'Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Vol. VIII). x + 324 pp. L.50.000.

Religious Liberty in Western Thought. NOEL B. REYNOLDS and W. COLE DURHAM, JR. (eds.). Atlanta. Scholars Press. 1996. 312 pp. ISBN 0 7885 0319 7/0 7885 0320 0.

Sisifo e Penelope. GUILIO UBERTIS. Turin. 1993. G. Giappichelli Editore. 271 pp. L.35.000 pb. ISBN 88 348 4001 1.

Crime and Punishment in American Society. LAWRENCE M. FRIEDMAN. Basic Books. 1993. viii + 577. pp. (incl. Index). ISBN 0 456 01487 9.

Bound by our Constitution: Women, Workers, and the Minimum Wage. VIVIEN HART. Princeton University Press. 1994. xv + 255 pp. (incl. Index). £24.95 pb. ISBN 0 691 03480 X.     

Regional politics: The European union and citizenship

This article examines the development of citizenship within the European Economic Community as a model for citizenship as such, within a global environment. In historical terms, citizenship evolved within the nation‐state, but the nation‐state, which is no longer valid as the exclusive model of economic development, may be inappropriate as a framework for social rights. The fluidity of labour within the European community means that traditional means of political representation within the nation‐state are irrelevant. Within a global context, the economic barriers which are required by nation‐states constitute political barriers to social rights through the vehicle of citizenship. The article considers the European experience of regional politics as lessons for citizenship reform in a global system.     

Youth Worker Professional Development Participation,Preferences, and Agency Support

Using a Web-based survey, this study examined youth workers' professional development participation, preferences, and levels of agency support and the relationships between these variables and youth worker characteristics. Results revealed a positive relationship between participation in professional development opportunities and youth workers' self-reported job competency but also indicated low levels of agency support for participation in continuing education. Though perceptions of critical training topics varied among program staff from different geographic areas, most youth workers reported similar training experiences and interests regardless of their individual characteristics. Collaborative approaches to training and professional development may result in increased exposure to a broad range of professional development opportunities and significantly enhance the quality of youth programming.