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431.
432.
This article examines the decisions of ten state high courtsin the areas of access to private property for expressive purposesand exclusion of the fruits of illegal searches and seizures.The analysis centers on two questions. First, are some statesrelying on their own constitutions to resolve individual rightsissues while other continue to follow the United States SupremeCourts interpretation of the federal Constitution? Second, havethe states that do rely on their own constitutions to resolveindividual rights issues developed an independently based stateconstitutional jurisprudence, or have they simply attemptedto circumvent decisions of the Burger Court? The authors findlittle evidence that the state high courts examined here havebegun, as yet, to develop an independent approach to state constitutionalanalysis. 相似文献
433.
434.
435.
Fiona Davis 《Journal of Australian Studies》2017,41(2):222-236
This article compares evidence given to the 1970s Commonwealth Commission of Enquiry into Poverty by a social worker from Armidale with that of a group of foster carers in Adelaide. It does so to illuminate the power struggle underway between volunteers, professionals and experts at a key moment in Australia’s social welfare history. The testimonies provide two very different perspectives on the challenges of social welfare professionalisation. Analysing them allows a deeper exploration of those challenges, which, to date, have been under-explored, while bringing a greater understanding of the factors that shaped the creation of enquiry submissions. 相似文献
436.
437.
The Spreading of Innovation: State Adoptions of Energy and Climate Change Policy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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The American states are engaged in a variety of policy efforts to mitigate climate change and alter energy usage. While a number of studies have considered the reasons for adoption of renewable energy and climate change policies, they typically consider only one policy in isolation. This study examines policy adoption of 14 energy and climate change programs in a pooled event history analysis. Our primary research questions consider average effects of horizontal policy diffusion, while also identifying factors that vary across policy type. We offer a method of testing whether predictors vary across policies and use this test to incorporate interactions by policy in the statistical analysis. Our results indicate that many of the primary drivers of adoption are political in nature, including state ideology, environmental interest group membership, and diffusion via ideologically similar neighbors. In addition, we find that given policy heterogeneity, a number of determinants vary by policy type, though differences are in magnitude rather than direction. 相似文献
438.
Robert C. Davis 《Journal of Experimental Criminology》2009,5(1):25-39
This paper describes an experiment in which 465 felony arrest cases in Kings County, NY, USA, were, randomly, either filed
in court and prosecuted or sent to a dispute resolution center for adjudication. The cases all involved persons who were acquainted,
and nearly half were either intimate partners or in other immediate family relationships. The results indicated that the mediation
process was perceived more positively by complainants than was prosecution and that going through mediation enhances complainants’
perceptions of their relationships with defendants to a greater degree than going through the court process. However, there
was no evidence that mediation was no more effective than prosecution in preventing recidivism. Not surprisingly, in cases
involving intimate partners or immediate family members, the offenders were most likely to experience continuing problems
whether they were sent to mediation or were prosecuted. One of the values of this study is that, in the late 1970s, when this
research was conducted, mediation was considered by many to be a legitimate alternative to prosecution in family violence
cases, including cases arising from intimate partner violence. The data that we collected would be difficult to replicate
in today’s political climate. While our study did not find that mediation reduced the odds of recidivism in these cases, neither
did we find that mediation made victims less safe. Thus, it partially supports the sentiments of researchers such as Braithwaite
and Strang (Restorative justice and family violence. In Strang H, Braithwaite J (eds) Restorative justices and family violence.
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp 1−22; 2002), who argue that—given the evidence for success of restorative justice in reducing re-offending in cases other than family
violence—it is worth testing whether similar beneficial effects could be found in applying restorative justice approaches
to family violence cases.
Rob Davis is Senior Research Analyst for the Rand Corporation. He has directed more than 35 projects on victimization, domestic violence, policing, crime prevention, immigrations, courts, prosecution, and parole reentry for federal and state governments, and private foundations. A distinguishing feature of his career is that he has conducted 11 randomized experiments on criminal justice interventions from batterer intervention programs to prisoner reentry initiatives. His current work includes projects on reducing repeat victimization, victims’ rights, measuring police performance, and the role of police in peacekeeping operations. He is the author of two books on crime prevention, editor of five books on crime prevention and victimization, and author of more than 100 journal articles and book chapters. 相似文献
Robert C. DavisEmail: |
Rob Davis is Senior Research Analyst for the Rand Corporation. He has directed more than 35 projects on victimization, domestic violence, policing, crime prevention, immigrations, courts, prosecution, and parole reentry for federal and state governments, and private foundations. A distinguishing feature of his career is that he has conducted 11 randomized experiments on criminal justice interventions from batterer intervention programs to prisoner reentry initiatives. His current work includes projects on reducing repeat victimization, victims’ rights, measuring police performance, and the role of police in peacekeeping operations. He is the author of two books on crime prevention, editor of five books on crime prevention and victimization, and author of more than 100 journal articles and book chapters. 相似文献
439.
Validation of Tool Mark Comparisons Obtained Using a Quantitative,Comparative, Statistical Algorithm
L. Scott Chumbley Ph.D. Max D. Morris Ph.D. M. James Kreiser B.S. Charles Fisher B.S. Jeremy Craft M.S. Lawrence J. Genalo Ph.D. Stephen Davis B.S. David Faden B.S. Julie Kidd M.S. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2010,55(4):953-961
Abstract: A statistical analysis and computational algorithm for comparing pairs of tool marks via profilometry data is described. Empirical validation of the method is established through experiments based on tool marks made at selected fixed angles from 50 sequentially manufactured screwdriver tips. Results obtained from three different comparison scenarios are presented and are in agreement with experiential knowledge possessed by practicing examiners. Further comparisons between scores produced by the algorithm and visual assessments of the same tool mark pairs by professional tool mark examiners in a blind study in general show good agreement between the algorithm and human experts. In specific instances where the algorithm had difficulty in assessing a particular comparison pair, results obtained during the collaborative study with professional examiners suggest ways in which algorithm performance may be improved. It is concluded that the addition of contextual information when inputting data into the algorithm should result in better performance. 相似文献
440.
More dissimilar than alike? Public values preferences across US minority and white managers
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Interest in public values has grown considerably over the past two decades. Much of this attention reflects a growing awareness that public values hold considerable significance for citizens and public employees. Yet, despite the rapid expansion of research on public values, we still know little about the role of race in shaping and determining public employees’ values preferences. To begin remedying this gap, this article examines whether minority and white public managers in large US local governments exhibit the same value preferences when making departmental decisions. Results from a multiple group confirmatory factor analysis indicate that minority and white managers express similar preferences for traditional public administration values; however, minority managers report a stronger preference for both traditional public administration (e.g., efficiency and effectiveness) and social equity‐oriented (e.g., equity, representation) values. 相似文献