全文获取类型
收费全文 | 6146篇 |
免费 | 183篇 |
专业分类
各国政治 | 313篇 |
工人农民 | 242篇 |
世界政治 | 456篇 |
外交国际关系 | 234篇 |
法律 | 3580篇 |
中国共产党 | 1篇 |
中国政治 | 56篇 |
政治理论 | 1403篇 |
综合类 | 44篇 |
出版年
2020年 | 79篇 |
2019年 | 97篇 |
2018年 | 129篇 |
2017年 | 141篇 |
2016年 | 133篇 |
2015年 | 122篇 |
2014年 | 124篇 |
2013年 | 668篇 |
2012年 | 171篇 |
2011年 | 158篇 |
2010年 | 139篇 |
2009年 | 143篇 |
2008年 | 163篇 |
2007年 | 171篇 |
2006年 | 170篇 |
2005年 | 153篇 |
2004年 | 167篇 |
2003年 | 155篇 |
2002年 | 156篇 |
2001年 | 211篇 |
2000年 | 206篇 |
1999年 | 168篇 |
1998年 | 88篇 |
1997年 | 82篇 |
1996年 | 62篇 |
1995年 | 82篇 |
1994年 | 66篇 |
1993年 | 65篇 |
1992年 | 110篇 |
1991年 | 103篇 |
1990年 | 126篇 |
1989年 | 109篇 |
1988年 | 102篇 |
1987年 | 111篇 |
1986年 | 123篇 |
1985年 | 122篇 |
1984年 | 92篇 |
1983年 | 92篇 |
1982年 | 66篇 |
1981年 | 62篇 |
1980年 | 54篇 |
1979年 | 66篇 |
1978年 | 68篇 |
1976年 | 43篇 |
1975年 | 58篇 |
1974年 | 68篇 |
1973年 | 63篇 |
1972年 | 45篇 |
1970年 | 41篇 |
1969年 | 44篇 |
排序方式: 共有6329条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
111.
112.
Alberts Charl Mbalo Ndileka F. Ackermann Christiaan J. 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2003,32(3):169-184
This study investigated South African Afrikaans-, English-, and Xhosa-speaking secondary school adolescents' (N = 1217) perceptions of the relative importance of identity-related domains. For this purpose a structured questionnaire consisting of 14 domain-specific items was used. Most of the domains were regarded as very important or fairly important by a significant majority of participants. Four domains were regarded as very important by more than 70% of the total research group, namely, future career, moral values, family relationships, and religious matters. Political and sexual matters were regarded as of least importance. Intercultural differences were evident in most domains. Significant gender differences were also found. Relatively more females than males reported a high priority to domains such as future career, moral values, friendships with same sex peers, gender role, and community matters. The male participants regarded relationships with the opposite sex and sexual matters as more important than the females did. The findings of this study emphasize the importance of carefully considering the domains included in future research on identity formation, depending on variables such as socioeconomic and sociocultural characteristics of the specific research groups to be included in the investigation. 相似文献
113.
Reform is a common theme in American public administration. During the twentieth century at least 12 major administrative reforms have taken place at the federal level and countless others in state and local governments. Frequently, these reforms have addressed the operation of public personnel management systems. Recent efforts associated with the reinventing government movement, for example, have proposed numerous alterations to civil service rules and procedures, and many jurisdictions have implemented significant changes in their personnel practices. This article examines the extent to which these kinds of personnel reforms have been implemented by state governments. A reform index is developed to document the considerable variation among the states in their approach to personnel practices. Several state characteristics are associated with scores on this index, including legislative professionalism, which bears a positive relationship to reform, and the level of unemployment within a state and the proportion of state employees associated with public employee unions, which are both negatively associated with reform. 相似文献
114.
Elections provide a mandate to pursue a set of policies. Party label provides a concise ideological cue for voters to choose among candidates, and research on industrial democracies verifies a link between the parties voters elect and subsequent policy outcomes. The combination of inchoate party systems and economic vulnerability elsewhere may weaken the link between voter choice and policy. When examining economic policies in Latin America, there is some controversy as to whether governments carried out "reform by surprise"—promising one thing during a campaign while implementing another in office. We test whether the ideological reputations of executives' and legislators' parties explain whether they adopt market-oriented policies. We find that the future behavior of presidential candidates is difficult for voters to predict. However, the ideological reputation of legislators is a reliable predictor of policy outcomes, and the relationship is clarified by the prospects of collective action by legislative delegations. 相似文献
115.
We explore the extent to which attributes of individual analysts and institutional factors lead to budgetary decisions based on political cues and/or analytical information among executive and legislative budget analysts. We surveyed executive and legislative budget analysts in 13 western states to ascertain the factors that influence their budgetary decisions. The findings build on evidence from previous studies that confirms the complexity of factors affecting budget analysts' decisions, and they provide empirical support to analysts' use of a combination of information labeled "budget rationality" by Thurmaier and Willoughby. Also, we provide more conclusive evidence that both executive and legislative analysts follow similar decision-making patterns. 相似文献
116.
Participants in a specialelection held in the State of Mississippion April 17, 2001, voted overwhelminglyagainst changing the design of the state'sflag, which incorporates a symbol of theConfederacy. The determinants of voting onthe flag are analyzed and turnout rates inApril 2001 are compared with those forrecent gubernatorial and presidentialelections. We find that the flag votedivided Mississippians sharply along linesof race, class and political ideology. Akey empirical implication is that voterpositions in issue space tend to be morepolarized when political choices haveexpressive as opposed to instrumentalconsequences. 相似文献
117.
118.
Edward S. Steinfeld 《Political studies》2004,52(4):643-663
In studies of transitional systems, negative economic outcomes are often associated with 'partial' or 'stalled' reform – a reform that signifies an institutional departure from standard market operation. Such departures are often traced to socio-political contestation or political preferences. Focusing on China's intertwined financial and enterprise reforms, this paper challenges that approach on two fronts. First, it argues that institutional change and resultant economic outcomes are driven less by contestation than by societally held assumptions regarding the nature of economic causation in market contexts. The analytical lenses that actors employ to understand their environment shape expectations about how markets function, influence the manner by which economic problems are diagnosed, and profoundly affect the ultimate institutional evolution of the system. Second, such lenses are necessitated by substantial uncertainties at the theoretical level regarding market function – uncertainties that make characterizations of economic behavior as 'irrational' highly problematic. 相似文献
119.
The Federal Election Campaign Act as passed in 1971 and amended in 1974represented landmark federal legislation. It imposed new restrictions oncampaign contributions and contained path-breaking provisions for the useof public funds to partially finance the campaigns of qualifyingpresidential candidates. The nominal intent of the legislation was torestrain the skyrocketing campaign costs and the feared abuses thatgrowing dependencies on such money engendered. Three decades later, withthe campaign spending ``arms race'' still raging. Congress sought toimpose further constraints on campaign spending with enactment of theBipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (BCRA). Competing theories ofgovernment regulation are reviewed to better understand the intent andlikely consequences of the 2002 legislation in particular and campaignfinance regulation in general. A simple model of the campaign spendingprocess highlights the likely causes of the rapid growth in campaignspending. Data and evidence are presented to test hypotheses concerningthe timing of and underlying motivations for BCRA. 相似文献
120.
John F. Mahon Pursey P. M. A. R. Heugens Kai Lamertz 《Journal of Public Affairs (14723891)》2004,4(2):170-189
To date, the field of non‐market strategy has little to offer in the way of an integrated perspective on the simultaneous management of strategic issues and corporate stakeholders. This paper employs social network analysis to make a number of theoretically grounded conjectures about the delicate relationships between stakeholder behaviour and issue evolution. It is found that social network analysis has the potential to enrich and integrate theoretical perspectives in the field of non‐market strategy, offering solutions to a set of previously unresolved puzzles. Copyright © 2004 Henry Stewart Publications 相似文献